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[-] knowing that the armaments of the nations were vastly increased instead of diminished after the last peace conference, rules of conflict will be revised. Most uncertain of questions is whether the forty powers will or will not rescind the 1899 prohibition against the throwing of projectiles or explosives from balloons. 
For since the last Hague congress the nations have gone on adding to their facilities for battling
[[image]]
It has been discovered that the balloonist can see for great depths in the sea, and the balloon with projectiles becomes the submarine's foe.
[-] Progress in aerial locomotion has been so swift that it is expected some countries will refuse to bind themselves not to use the enormous new advantages they have acquired--as England and the United States did on the subject of projectiles filled with deleterious gases.
Said a member of the United States balloon corps, here last week in connection with the equipment of the new aerodrome at Fort Omaha:
"Airships will do more than any one agency I can think of to make war unpopular. On that account The Hage might as well indorse their use. Fortify every inch of frontier and coast with the heaviest artillery, arm and mass the whole population behind them, and you will still not be able to repel the enemy who flies high in air and drops dynamite upon your 'impregnable' works and multitudes of soldiers. Navies, mine-strewn channels, [[?]] number of great Sandy Hook 16-inch guns would be useless to protect New York against an air squadron once set free from the enemy's ships out at sea!
Not many days ago came this Associated Press cable dispatch:
NEUFAHRWASSER, West Prussia, March 15.--Artillery practice against balloons began here to-day. Two free balloons, released at sea were fired on as they floated landwards. One of them was torn by three shrapnel shells and came down. The other floated inland uninjured.
Both must have been low in air, military men say, and approaching from a predetermined position, or both would have escaped. "Besides," it was added, "these were free balloons. Range would be very difficult to 
[[?]] had there been men in the balloon [[?]] [[?]] changing their altitude and direction. Once the balloons got immediately overhead no artillery we now have could touch them. Bulletholes would, it has been found, have no real effect--they are too minute. Before you could by bullets release its gas the balloon, or airship, would have dropped its dynamite and made off, probably straight up to a higher altitude, whence, out of range, it could steer homeward."
Recently Augustus Post, scientific secretary of the Aero Club of America, went down in a Lake submarine boat off Connecticut. He was much impressed. "But," he remarked to a World reporter, "no sooner has this wonderful under-water engine of war been made practicable than the means of discovering where it is and of fighting it become plain. It is the airship-or even the simple balloon!
"You know that from a balloon you can see to a considerable depth in water. Haven't you seen hawks poise high in air, then dive straight down and come up with their fish? If rules of war did not prohibit, you could easily find [[?]] submarine and drop your projectile or explosive down upon it. Of course, the water would be some protection--water, like air, is a solid of you hit it hard enough. The submarine under water would be at the mercy of the balloon in the air; it could not shoot back.
"New guns will need to be invented in order to disable airships or dirigible balloons. Mortars have not sufficient elevation. I suppose the new guns would need to have a spring recoil. All guns must have a recoil; and to shoot directly upward a sufficient spring seems the only possibility. In the operations around Richmond in the civil war, you remember that balloons were used for observing and signalling. The rebels placed their guns on a steep hillside in order to get aim. 
"The airship is the natural antagonist of the submarine. Only guns from shore or guns from ships far enough away to be capable of the desired elevation could change such an action from being a one-sided duel."
Before the Royal Military Institute of Great Britain a few weeks ago Major Baden-Powell declared:
"France and Germany have so far advanced aerial [[?]] that we may consider the airship a new in[[?]]uent war. In six years possibly, in[-] quite certainly, we may expect to see many s in the air under control and in practice [-] Government will obtain them and their [-] will be virtually useless as a first line de[-]

[-] of the United States Signal S[-] [-]hat he believes this country is "car[-] machines" and that "there will be [-] soon forthcoming." He is re[[?]] brothers, who den[-] plane to France[-] and who lately s[-] the distance we can travel, we do not re[-] twenty-four miles as the limit. The new ma-[-] chi will carry sufficient fuel for a 500-mile trip. An le-a-minute bicycle rider could take our ma- chi and beat us completely. Our success, we believe was due to our scientific calculations and to the fact that we have made a superior type of ma[-]e. In the one matter of propellers we have worked out theories which, in our opinion, will revolutionize the designing of marine screws as well as make possible the navigation of[-] air. Any government can have exclusive rights to our invention for a short period if it agrees on our terms."
In this country there is more faith in aeroplanes than in a power-directed balloon like the airships of Frnace and Germany. Consequently Gen[[?]]. Allen's [-] was established at Fort O m[[?]] which $15,000 was s[-] pr[[?]] this year, [-] the present simple balloons. Due was bo[[?]][-] nce, and one was manufactured on ninth avenue New York by Leo [-] and is ready to be s[-] pt Charles de F[-] Chandler, of the b[-] shall get accustomed to being [-] is a sort of dread to be overcome have men who will feel at home in[-] a ship commander on his bridge or [-] inning his automobile."
Japan is about the only first[-] which is not taking up war-ballooning is delaying until she can adopt the results of experiments in the Occident at once.

[-]yes of the World on America This [-]ar.

[-]S year the chief practice in using "the [-] great universal highway overhead" is to be In American air.
Through the winning of the first great International Aeronatic Club race by an American, this event has for this year been transferred to St. Louis Numerous races are to be contested at the Jamestown Exhibition, and while most of the [-] $315,000 in prizes are limited to England and the Continent, more demonstrations of advancement are [[?]] from the United States than from [-]
expectation is based chiefly upon the mysterious Wright brothers, of Dayton, O. Witnesses bear [-] to their flights, and the brothers themselves have made reports to scientific societies-the [[?]] being to the Aero Club, of New York, in what they make the prophesy that this year they [-] "effectually remove all question that the flying [-] originated in America."
they can “make good” scientists do not[-] especially since Octave Chanute, one of the most eminent of experimenters, gave his word as [?]
I saw the Wright brothers fly. They improved upon my models by the s device of putting the tall in front, and eral other ways. At their own expense—are not rich they have pursued a remark at of experiments. They are born mechanic very quick and deft with their hands. Them controlling their machine is most suprising occasion, for example I saw one of the lane safely while at a speed of fifty miles.
Owing to the efforts of Sant ct we have arrived at the dirigible balloon. But it has so far been found impracticable to impart to this frail structure a velocity sufficient to enable it to make headway against anything but the mildest sort of wind. The character of the balloon has therefore changed. Velocity of propulsion rather than steerability is now the chief object of research.
Best of the new achievements in flying are those by the Wrights, or Ohio, who have been able to fly in a 925-pound aeroplane, its tail in front, for thirty-eight minutes, over twenty-four miles of distance, "cutting figure eights" in the air, [[?]] Santos-Dumont has flown in public in Paris 200 feet, ten feet from the ground with a 208 pound aeroplane.  De La Vaulx in Paris, at a height of 600 feet has just safely flown eleven miles in half an hour, with an aeroplane ninety-six feet long.  For airships the best records are those of the Lebaudy dirigibles 220 miles in ten hours, making for a certain point and then returning.  Count Zeppelin, manoeuvring over Lake Constance, has accomplished eighteen miles in one and a half hours, attaining at times 2,500 feet altitude.

$315,475 in Prizes to Aeronauts in 1907
Prizes amounting to $315,475 are offered for aeronautic contests this year.  The most important of these will take place in the United States as follows: 
For the Jamestown Exposition numerous flights are scheduled, and several entries have been received thus early.  Besides the better-known air-flyers, these new ones have entered: Stanislaus Von Wiszensky, New York, with an aluminum flying machine of 150 pounds weight, driven by a [[?]] operator, will have their day Sept. 14; with motor, Aug. 24; without motor and carrying operator, Sept. 14.  There will also be competitions in dropping shells (harmless) nearest selected objective point or target, a search for submarines from warships, &c., and a competition for longest trip, open during exposition.  
At St. Louis, on Oct. 19, the contest for the Bennett International Cup for balloons will take place.  Entries have been announced as follows: France, three balloons; Great Britain, three; Germany, three; Spain, three; Italy, two, and America, three.
The contests of the year all over the world are as follows: 
Le Matin, Paris-$50,000, Paris to London in 190[[?]], 217 miles in less than twenty-four hours; open to dirigible balloons or heavier-than-air machines.
Daily Mail, London-$50,000, London to Manchester, 161 miles; open only to heavier-than-air machines owned by members of a recognized aero club.
The Car, London-(1) $2,600 (trophy) annually to aeronaut who flies longest distance in United Kingdom without touching ground in a self-propelled heavier-than-air machine; (2) $25 a mile for every mile successfully accomplished in the Daily Mail competition by the machine which completes the longest distance without touching ground, provided at least twenty-five miles is covered.
Adams Manufacturing Company, London-$10,000 for any aeroplane that wins the Daily Mail flight, provided it is entirely manufactured in Great Britain or its dependencies.
Autocar, London-$2,500 in same connection, provided engine used in the successful aeroplane is made by a British motor-car manufacturer.
Daily Graphic, London-$5,000 to the inventor who produces a heavier-than-air machine which will carry one or more persons through the air from one point to another not less than a mile distant.
Gris-Nez to Dover; is about nineteen miles. 
Societe des Bains de Mer d'Ostende-$40,000 to any flying machine or dirigible to go from Ostend to Paris in twenty-four hours; distance, 186 miles.
Henry Deutsch, Paris-$14,000 (trophy) to any flying machine or dirigible to cover 124-mile course.
Deutsch-Archdeacon, Paris-$10,000 to heavier-than-air machine which accomplishes closed circuit of sixty-two miles without touching ground.
Daily Mail, London-$1,250 for three best models of heavier-than-air machines exhibited at exhibition, London, April 13, 1907.
Barnum & Bailey-$10,000 for the purchase of a heavier-than-air machine to be used daily.
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Progress of Sky Travel to the Present Day.
BALLOONS.
Date. Altitude. Hours in Air. Miles Flight. Balloon or Pilot. Country.
1783 2,000 .... 27 Charles France
1859 .... 19 5/6 1,150 John Wise United States
1863 37,000 .... .... .......... England
1889 31,000 .... .... Berson Germany
1893 24,000 .... .... Lissandier France
1899 .... 5 1/2 200 Spencer England
1900 18,000 35 3/4 1,132 De La Vauix France
1906 .... 14 1/2 225 Thomas United States
1906 28,930 Over Mt. Blanc Usuelli Italy
1906 .... 16 420 Vivian IV. England
1906 9,000 23 403 Lahm United States
AIRSHIPS.
Date. Altitude. Hours. Miles. Motor H.P. Weight or Length. Pilot. Country.
1884 Mendon to Paris & ret. 8 320 lbs. Renard France
1901 .... .... 9 20 108 ft. Santos-Dumont Brazil
1903 .... Over London .... ...... Spencer England
1905 .... 8 Over Paris 15 ...... Santos-Dumont Brazil
1906 .... 22 220 .... ........ De La Vauix France
1906 2 ^0 1 1-3 18 170 410 ft. Zeppelin Germany
1906 .... 1 12 7 110 ft. Stevens United States
1907 .... 10 230 70 196 ft. Lebaudy France 
AEROPLANE
Date. Altitude. Hours. Miles Motor H.P. Weight or Length. Pilot. Country.
1906 15 .... 1/8 & ret. 2.4 208 lbs. Santos-Dumont Brazil
1906 .... 1/2 24 15 325 lbs. Wright. United States
1907 600 1/2 11 16 96 ft. De La Vauix France
[[image]] The Balloon Building James own Exposition
[[image]] This Map Shows All For[-] [-]on Voyages from St. Louis, Where the international Balloon Races Are to Take Place Next Fall. Prof. Wise's Trip Made in 1859, Record Till 1900. It Was Made in the Balloon 'Atlantic,' Containing 60,000 Cubic Feet of Gas, and Covered 1,150 Miles in 19 Hours and [-]tes. Prof. Wise's Second Flight in 1878 Came to Grief in Lake Michigan. All the Other Flights Indicated Sent Up in 1904 to 1906 for Experimental Purposes from the United States Meteorological Observatory.
[[image]] Well Known 1907 Models of Airships and Dirigible Balloons to Compete in the Jamestown Races.

Transcription Notes:
5 Images [-] indicates words or letters that are missing due to the cutting of the clipping.