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The consequences and by-products of this unemployment situation are evident in the great economic losses that have been suffered through the collapse of business enterprises among Negroes and the heavy withdrawals from insurance companies. The great gains that have been experienced in education as well as in social amelioration have been either lost or seriously impaired during this crisis. The opinions of many Negroes from all walks of life express, in the main, either a faint hope for social justice or a decided disillusionment about the possibilities for the future, so long as they are threatened by prolonged periods of economic insecurity.

Underlying all the efforts that have taken place is the inescapable fact that more and more communities are becoming aware of the immense disadvantages that may accrue to their particular program if they do not approach these problems of Negro relief with professional case work standards. The overthrow of the archaic and biased methods whereby Negroes were not given the individualized treatment afforded other clients and the increasing use of trained Negro social workers in communities where they have never before been employed, stand out as two of the most promising indications of improved programs and social adjustment.

Reactions of Negroes

Statistics on crime, dependency, life insurance and bank deposits reveal the inroads unemployment has made on the social and economic life of Negroes. It is to be expected that a minority group, situation as the Negros is in this country, would display maladjustments in all relationships of life, directly traceable to unemployment. And yet the spiritual reaction to the turbulent forces that have disturbed the country has not descended to the point of melancholy and revolution.

But there are definite psychological reactions. Replacements of Negro workers by white workers; inequalities practiced by relief agencies, whereby Negroes received less work, food, and money than whites; and impairment to the business structure of the race, have forced upon them an awareness of the importance of giving consideration to the economic problems involved in race adjustment. As a consequence, students and teachers are concerned about the future careers of young people. They query--What will they do? What type of training should they receive? Where are there openings? Requests for information of this kind are more numerous, and anxiety on the part of educational leaders and students reflects the seriousness with which our student bodies view the problems ahead. Discussions of Negro business

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are now tolerated where they were once taboo; inquiry for appropriate occupations has been accelerated, and we may now be said to be searching for a definite and effective economic idealism.

The New Radicalism

Many things have happened to incite the interest of Negroes in liberal and radical movements. Bids have been made for Negro leadership in organizations espousing the cause of Socialism and Communism. On platforms and in parades the number of Negroes is growing; and an appropriate question to consider is--Are Negroes becoming intolerant of the conventional American form of government? If so, why? Does the Negro's apparent leaning toward Communism, induced by skillful propagandists who have capitalized the denial of political, social, and economic opportunities for Negroes, suggest what more conservative groups might do to win their favor?

Among Negroes of the tenets and techniques of Socialism and Communism there is little thought. The majority of those attracted by activities of these two groups neither comprehend nor show interest in the fundamental economic principles of the philosophies involved. The dominant note is their interest in the emotional quest for racial emancipation. And how natural it is for them to yield to the persuasion of any group offering freedom from a system under which they have been forced to live and labor cheaply! The continued manifestation of racial prejudices and antipathies paralleling Communist propaganda to win recruits among Negroes will automatically bring larger numbers to their fold. On the other hand, appropriate opportunities for Negroes to live decently, work adequately, and participate equitably in public affairs will no only deter extreme revolutionary tactics, but will render them unnecessary.

IV
TOMORROW'S JOBS 

There are real social handicaps to the Negro who desires to rise in the industrial scale. These are not entirely the fault of the Negro but of the pseudo-social competition under which the Negro labors. These handicaps may be summarized as follows:

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