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"El Nino" warm H2O coming south as result of gradient is air pressure - get color pictures of 1. world current circulations . can get warm/cold differentiation because cumulus clouds may form over warm H2O, + not cold ... boundary 15 sharp . larger currents cause eddies (W -> E in north). starting at Japan across pacific [[diagram]] eddies Japan underwater mountains (~ half-way) large scale eddies smaller scale eddies vis. "mountains" remove Energy, use eddies in W. Pac Atlantic... like W. Pac all the way across . low salinity = lower density (sits on top) = higher reflectivity . wake in H2O around island => current (upwelling where low wave breaks off) . clouds form as air warmed by island rises until it can condense (cloud) [[diagram]] wind island clouds