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Defense Technologies Study Team = Fletcher 1950's US sought funding for NIKE-ZEUS (derivative of air-defense NIKE; gnd-radar controlled, nuclear warhead explodes in vicinity of ICBM). Ike elected not to deploy. 1963- budget included $ for R&D on "NIKE-X" (later, Sprint) 1965- Army began R&D on Spartan (detonate nuc. warhead above atmosphere, x-rays would knock out several RV's 1967- US decided to deploy Sentinel (NIKE-X) to "defend" certain cities 1969- Nixon cancelled Sentinel 1969- Nixon announced Safeguard (protect ICBM's, not cities)