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THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

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[[caption]] Position of Patron and Method of Applying Cream in Preparation for Facial Massage. Note Wooden Paddle Used by Operator in Applying Creams. This Practice Is in Vogue in the Better Shops. [[/caption]]

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TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

Since the beginning of time, the greatest cry of woman has been, not to eliminate her cares or to be given riches, but to learn the way to be beautiful. The services of a well-trained operator who has a knowledge of cleansing creams, nourishing creams, astringents and how to use them effectively, are as necessary to beauty as the daily bath or proper diet.

THE PURPOSE OF MASSAGE 

1. To increase the circulation of blood and lymph.

2. To open the pores of the skin and expel the poison.

3. To rest and quiet the nerves.

4. To break down excessive fats.

5. To strengthen the muscles, rendering them firm and raising them when they are sagged.

Rest and relaxation is brought about by giving soft, light, slow, rhythmical movements, or very slow, light hand vibrations for a very short time. The tissues are stimulated by movements of moderate speed and time. Light cup-like vibrations of slow speed for a short time will also stimulate circulation and build up the tissues. Puffy or fatty tissues are reduced by firm kneading or fast slapping movements, producing a sensation of heat or warmth for a period of time. Moderately fast hand vibrations with firm pressure will also help reduce fatty tissues.

The frequency of facial massage depends upon the condition of the skin, the age of the patron, and the condition to be treated. As a general rule normal skin can be kept in excellent condition with a facial massage once a week, accompanied by the proper home treatment taken each night before retiring.

METHODS OF MASSAGE

1. EFFLEURAGE, a gentle stroking movement with the palms and the finger tips. It is very beneficial in quieting the nerves.

2. FRICTION, a deep rubbing massage with the palms or the finger tips. It is very helpful in the cases where the patron is anaemic or has a sallow complexion.

3. PETRISAGE, a deep kneading or pinching movement accomplished by grasping the tissue between the thumb and fingers and pinching or rolling them.

4. TAPOTEMENT, the slapping massage. It is given by gently slapping the face or patting with the palms or finger tips. It is sometimes termed the "raindrop" or "piano" movement.

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