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1. Girls/women receive higher grades than boys/men in both math and science at all levels. That is, there is no difference favoring boys in math or science as measured by grade.

2. Math: there is no difference in achievement between boys and girls at any level as measured by standardized tests, except the SAT (i.e. boys and girls score the same on NAEP at all ages).

3. Science: girls/women consistently score lower on science multiple-choice standardized achievement tests than boys/men.

• Results of standardized tests that employ essay questions are more ambiguous (in fact, girls do better on biology tests requiring essays).

• Ref: "A fair Test", Gipps and Murphy; ETS book by Marcia Linn.

4. In science, the gap (as measured by NAEP) increases with age.