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86 notes from Stoler, Ann, "In the Company's Shadow: A History of Plantation Women & Labor Policy in N, Sun", Oct., 1979 p1 an attempt by a Marxist anthropologist to link the issues of female & class exploitation p2 article examines the several historical phases of N. Sumatran plantation agriculture each phase has a specific effect on women, on domestic organization and social relations fact that labor force imported rather than indigenous meant that especially malleable & changes in corporate capitalist strategies had far-reaching effects on worker families -Stoler identifies 4 historical phases: 1 pre-Depression yers characterized by a transient, nearly all-male labor force 2 post-Depression years to WWII where labor force composed of semi-permanent working families living in quasi-villages on estate land 3 late 40's to early 60's an estate policy based on an adversary relationship with a unionized & fervently nationalist labor force 4 post 1965 emergence of a new 87 labor policy focused in large part on casual, female labor drawn from peripheral, "independent" villages