Viewing page 48 of 59

This transcription has been completed. Contact us with corrections.

2. logistics of where these laborers 
could be settled at least cost to 
the estates
3. means to keep the laborers 
who were not repatriated to
Java available to the estates
when needed, but not wholely 
dependent on the estates for their
subsistence during periods of
econ. slack
((these problems still being talked of on
W. Java plantations today - major 
problem how to shift the burden of
risk to the worker in case of drop
in world commodities prices -
in 1982 not talking about the 
Great Dep. but "Resesi Dunia" (World
Recession) ))
long debate on the "colonization" issue;
in the early 20's this debate [[?]]
in terms of "landbouwkolonisatie"
(ag. colonization) vs "arbeidneder -
zettingen" (labor settlements)
former means supplying agr. land,
preferably rice fields, to laborers for
their subsistence cultivation in form of land grants;
N. Sum. planters rejected this scheme
because insufficient land between the
estate concession to permit this,
and feared laborers might become

[[right page]]
independent of them
the question now became should labor
settlements be located on or off the 
estates
if on would be harder to shuck responsibility
for labor in times of recession
both types experimented with
Pelzer describes settlements on the
[[left margin note]] (1945) [[/left margin note]]
estates whereby plant willing to 
furnish each married laborer who
had been employed at least 5 yrs
with a house and garden - - gardens
only 1/10 ha (1000 M^2), large enough to
provide the atmosphere of a village
but too small to grow enough food
for the family - - workers not given
this land as a grant, but only use
ts. as long as employed
labor settlement off came to be
known as "randkolonisatie" (peripheral
or rim colonization) - under this
system workers had to be given
enough land that could be sent
[[left margin note]] p12 [[/left margin note]]
back to their villages, ie laid off, in
times of recession; also workers
supposed to gain part of their subsistence
from harvest on this land so
that wages could be reduced - see
declining cash wages throughout 
the early 1930's - - under rand-