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kolonisatie workers again given
only use rts; estates would provide
for housing and for building
materials on conditions workers
legally bound to work on the plantations
-- idea to create a replica 
of Java and a "normal labor marker" i.e.
one that could be dismisses
despite these experiments with labor
settlements on & off the estates, Sloler
feels estates still opposed to family 
life -- marriage fee very high,
some employers refused to grant
marriage contracts, continued reluctance to allot individual family housing, &
reluctance to bring over more women 
workers to connect sex ratio
during periods of crisis married
female workers dismissed but allowed
to remain as dependents of their
employed husbands; rationale that this
would allow otherwise unemployed
family heads to earn an income
another method of holding onto workers
but reducing employment is the
granling of "free days" w/ no wages &
half days at half pay-- rationale 
that workers could use this free time to 
grow their own food crops

[[right page]]
[[left margin note]] phase 2 [[/left margin note]]
beginning about 1932 labor surplus
situation changed to labor shortage as production possibilities increased
recruitment took form of offering incentives,
including allowing hired male
[[left margin note]] p14 [[/left margin note]]
workers to bring over wives and
2 children at company expense
not required that wives work
preference for rehiring workers who
formerly repatriated to Java and, having
experienced the Great Depression there,
eager to return to Java under any terms
as non-working wives accompanying
their husbands entered the area in large
numbers, see a decline in female wages
in the post-Depression period
male wages steadily increasing during
the same period
[[left margin note]] p15 [[/left margin note]]
between 1913 and 1940 male wages increased
by 22% while female wages
decreased by 11%
in 1913 women make up 22% of the
labor force & about the same percent 
of the total pop; by 1933 they still 
only make up 25% of the labor
force but a much larger percent 
of the total pop.
[[left margin note]] p16 [[/left margin note]]
in other words, women not being recruited
as workers per se, but as child-
bearers and reproducers of domestic life