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102 phase 3 during Japanese Occup. food supplies to Sumatra stopped Jap'ese encouraged workers to seize & cultivate [[strikethrough]] food supp [[/striketrough]] estate lands for basic foodstuffs; forced to give a portion to local Jap. officials-- occurred esp. on tobacco estates p17 Jap also concerned with undermining Western colonialism & fomenting national (Republican) revolution-- estate produce bartered in Penang & Singapore for weapons & supplies, so that workers still losing the surplus value of their labor tragedy that the revolution to which they had contributed so much did little in the end to improve the estate workers lot when the companies regained control of the estates in the late 40's found factories had been burned, crops neglected & 10% of the land seized by local ethnic groups & Jav. estate workers p18 nationalist front continued to encourage squatting on estates as a patriotic deed; [[strikethrough]] n [[/strikethrough]] further encouraged by various labor organizations in the 1950's so that by 1963 two-thirds of lands had been seized by 105 squatters despite realities of their situation, planters felt themselves to still be in the Netherlands Indies & began recruiting a new wave of Javanese workers on 3- yr. contracts in early 1950's p19 by 1950's planters experiencing labor shortage due to fact that workers spending high proportion of their time on small plots or in dry rice forming on adjacent lands; during planting & harvesting seasons (for rice) they don't show up for work on the estates from workers pt. of view 50's & early sixties a time of prosperity, but from management pt. of view estates in disorder & production declined; a period of intense labor union activity -SOBSI the communist- affiliated federation of national and local unions had largest membership thruout Indonesia of the various member unions in SOBSI, SARBUPRI, the union for estate workers, was by far the strongest and best organized -SARBUPRI in two major strikes (a950 & 53) able to obtain large increas [[strikethrough]] ing [[/strikethrough]] es in wages & raise the floor (minimum) wage significantly p20 were other estate & farmer unions operating in the area as well