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in late 60's & large no's [[?]] and punished workers pushed off the states

p 34
Only those who had foresights & opportunity to clear out large tracts of land before the 1954 cut-off are in relatively  good situation today

(from footnote 18)- more stringent estate policies in last 10 years. [[had]]also antailed [[entailed]] other income-producing activities

e.g. formerly animal husbandry important, but decision made to officially forbid keeping on grazing livestock of estate grounds. some estates have banned the collection, usually by children, or animal [[fodden?]]

on rubber estates firewood traditionally provided by collection plead [strikethrough] branches from underbrush surrounding the rubber trees, but oil pal provides much less suitable than rubber wood for burning. 

A majority of families on the estate [[?]] have at least 1 member employed as a casual estate worker; is usually women, young people or older men and women with reduced holdings who look for this work.

It is less common for male heads of household to work as casual workers; this one reason low wages tolerated! I.e. I is considered [[?]]--this true whether performed on a sporadic basis or continuously year-round, villagers only identify themselves as estate workers if [[stalks?]] is permanent workers use term "[[merentau?]]" to refer to casual work, altho [[although]] women only merantau to plantations. Many women claim to prefer casual work for its flexibility, but[[stole?]] pts. out that few other options.

Thus estates have achieved their aim of setting up communities whose labor can be  raided when needed as dismissed at will in slow periods unlike Java,[[strikethrough]] differential access to land in these peripheral villages does not [[conquer?]] social power on a household or individual! Tends to be a more equal division of land; those differences which [[?]] have not produced a strong