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6

Chapter 2: Problem of Poverty (skimmed only)

traces poverty back to the time of the rajas
when land could be given or taken away
at raja's will
at this time landless farmers called
"mang numpang" because lived off
charity of landed who gave them opportunities
to work
poverty intensified in colonial period e.g.
w/ [[with]] forced cultivation of plantation crops;
p31 Dutch didn't try to sell their products
as Br. [[British]] & Amer's  [[Americans]] did in their colonies --
if had tried to sell their products, would
need decent incomes for the people
Dutch only interested in investing 
agr. [[agricultural]] capital in Indon [[Indonesia]] (takes this
from Abdul Gani)
-after period of chaos, when Indon. [[Indonesia]]
finally suceeded [[succeeded]] in ousting the 
Dutch, they caused environm. [[environmental]] damage
and infrastructure damage due to
inexperience
-in following yrs. [[years]] politics given greater
import [[importance]] than econ [[economy]]
-follows disc. [[discovery]] of Geerty's Agr Ino 
-pop. [[population]] continues to be a problem
-from 1930 to 1981 pop [[population]] of Java increased
from 42 to 91 mil. [[million]]


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-1970's saw growth in gross national
income but w/ out [[without]] enough attention as
to why groups benefiting [[benefitting]] from the growth
-quotes Sri Tua Arif who says 
that between 1971-74, 6031 small
ind. [[industrial]] + cottage enterprises employing
18,074 people shut down [[strikethrough]] on J [[/strikethrough]]in 
rural Java
1 mil. [[million]] women lost rice pounding income
in same yrs [[years]]
-industries built in urban areas do
not absorb rural migrants in sufficient
numbers because capital intensive
-Jak. [[Jakarta]] major target for migrants
-pop [[population]] of Jak. [[Jakarta]] in 1950 under 1 mil [million] +
by 1976 almost 4 mil
rapid urban growth accompanied by
growth in the informal sector
p41 -wealthier villagers may move to 
town to continue schooling, but 
poorer (who make up bulk) seldom 
have enough educ. [[education]] to enter the
modern urban sector
even so, life in the urban inf. [[informal]] sector
likely to be easier than as rural
landless poor
Jak [[Jakarta]] consists of two cities, one The
Big Village and one the international
modern capital
in 1977 Ali Sadikin estimated that