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10 Jan 25 fixed capital might also fit into that category of things listed as labor-saving device what about electr. toothbrush- saves user's labor but doesn't save human labor * Wilkenson, Richard Poverty + Progress - he argues that technol. progress begins when people start running out of things dig coal when run out of wood poverty comes when run out of easily accessible resources if nuclear holocaust + few remaining humans had to start over, would have to go a diff route because easily accessible coal + oil gone - until get into automic fission, all energy from sun plant photosynthesis begins food change as use wind power + sun evaps water, drops it as rain, etc. coal + oil are fossil plants - modern world very high energy -at 1st energy of our own bodies, then domesticated animals + add their energy; then wind + water thru 11 sails, windmills, watermills then fossil fuels now atomic which taps into whole new source no. of new books out on econ. consequences of entropy whenever convert energy to light, heat, etc. loose some of it car engines waste about 80% of energy created sometimes can capture some - old farm kitchens put cooking oven in center + wasted energy - theory of entropy says event. heat sources in universe will be dissipated + eventually universe will be tepid life the major counter-entropy source in our world because of ability of plants to capture + store energy - - this holds back entropy friction and entropy process comes a pt. when cost of getting the oil exceeds the price of the oil + must stop ((or raise price)) anthrop's work w less mechanized systems working at lower entropy level