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pis bolong, perak, suasa, tambaga, besi, and batumerah (gold, antique Chinese copper coin, silver, a gold and copper alloy, copper, iron and red stone/ruby) if the case is for a gusti ngurah and the higher castes, a small model kris is added if one marries on Tumpek Landep it is considered to be bad luck; "yang tajem bias kembali tusuk" (the sharp things can come back and stab you); he gave an example of a married coupe who married on Tumpek Landep and one of them was killed by the other his father often went to Besakih when he was alive if climb to the top, on the right side, there is a ceremonial perapen for pandes pande families also place small offerings in the perapen once every 35 days (bulan Bali); one each at the: - [[underlined]] api [[/underlined]] (fire) - [[underlined]] paron [[/underlined]] (anvil) - [[underlined]] pelingih [[/underlined]] (tempat sajen, place for offerings) lontar says that the first smiths crossed over to Bali from Java at Gilimanuk; when they crossed rode on the back of a fish called 'ikan jeleg' ("waktu sebrang pakai ikan jeleg") and until now there is a taboo on smiths eating this fish when they arrived the world was dark ("dunia gelap") for seven days and seven nights an insect called a 'dedaluh' (winged termite/firefly?) came out in a swarm and they were able to follow this insect till they reached a place called "Lalang Lingga" which means alang2 luas (wide field of elephant grass); they think this was east of Tanah Lot he refers to the first smiths as [[underlined]] leluhur [[/underlined]] or ancestors next the lontar shifts to Gelgel in Klungkung, which is near Kamasan ((a metal-working village, probably settled by artisans from the court of Majapahit)) he makes his own sarung kris and tombak handles; uses kampur wood for the tombak handles and majagao for the kris 4. [[underlined]] from interview with I Nyoman Suparta, blacksmith from Batu Sangihan (Sagihan?) [[/underlined]] are 80 smithing households in Batu Sangihan; three of these households have 2 perapen each, while the rest have only 1 each they use arang batok kelapa (coconut shell charcoal) which "mountain people" bring down to the place where copra is sold three stores sell the coconut shell charcoal, which now foes for 500 Rp per kilo (we visited in rainy season), but drops down to 300 Rp per kilo in the dry price now a problem if buy in Denpasar, the price can be 750 Rp a kilo or more for raw material they use [[underlined]] besi roso [[/underlined]] (scrap iron), including [[underlined]] per [[/underlined]] and [[underlined]] besi proyek/bekas bangunan [[/underlined]] he buys his scrap iron from Toko Glory, a scrap yard, but other smiths in the village buy iron from bengkel (automobile repair shops), or go around villages looking for scrap (cari ke kampung) his labor force includes the following: - 2 [[underlined]] tukang pukul [[/underlined]] - 1 [[underlined] pande [[/underlined]] (empu) - 1 [[underlined]] tukang kipas/blower [[/underlined]] 3