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The Motorized Perahu Project (KEPPRES 39/80) has provided boat owners with low interest loans through a local bank (BRI) to allow the purchase of outboard engines.  Currently 78% of the boats are motorized versus less than 10% before the program was initiated three years ago.  However, repayment of loans is irregular. Only 20% of outstanding loans have been repaid after two years, while according to the agreement all loans were to be repaid after 3 years.  The cost of the KEPPRES program Sungai Buntu was Rp. 67 million, while the value of the 1982 catch was estimated to be Rp. 264 million.  There seems little doubt, given local fish production figures, that the KEPPRES program has had a very positive economic impact for certain members of the community.  Yet, how equitable the returns have been remains in doubt.  Certainly the boat owners who get the credit and motors have benefited most from the program.

     Another change has been the development of a government fisheries cooperative over the past 25 years.  A Koperasi Pertanian Darat was founded in 1958 for brackish water pond fisheries under the leadership of Mohammad Karton.  In 1966 a corresponding cooperative for ocean fishing was established (Koperasi Perikanan Laut - KPL).  In 1977 these were combined under the Badan Usaha Unit Desa (BUUD) program, which was renamed Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) in 1979.  It is unclear at present how beneficial the cooperative has been to local fishing enterprises.  Membership is currently restricted to boat owners (juragan) and established traders (bakul), who can obtain credit from the organization and use its marketing facilities.  Men and women laborers, both burgh nelayan and buruh pindang, do not have access to KUD services and facilities.

Pusat Pengenbangan Agribusiness Project (PPA)

     PPA has been running a community development program in the 3 fishing villages over the past 2 years.  Their extension worker (TKL - Pak Didi Tahyudin) is involved in a number of activities both on his own as well as in coordination with government field workers.  One project has involved helping boat owners form cooperatives that are more responsive to their needs than the government KUD.  Pak Awing is the chairman of one such group.  There are 18 members owning 31 boats.  The members hope to use the cooperative to supply their material needs for fishing trips (diesel fuel, rice, cigarettes) and break their dependence on the shops which frequently change [[charge]] 20 to 35% more than open market prices.  The group also hopes to start a repair shop for the motors they now own.  The KUD does have a shop but will not provide credit terms.  The kelompok currently has Rp. 150,000 capital but estimate they need Rp. 1.5 million for paste and equipment needed to open the repair shop.  Once they have sufficient credit they plan to pay off their debts to the shop keepers and start their own enterprise.  They would like to borrow from a bank, but find the arrangements unfavorable as the bank charges a considerable administration fee and deducts the interest in advance.  Consequently, if they borrow Rp. 1 million they would only receive Rp. 700,000 in cash.