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Transcription: [00:12:33]
{SILENCE}

[00:12:44]
[[singing]] Oh, [[??]] so bright, Lord, and fair. Oh, a place that I long, long to see, oh yeah.

[00:13:04]
And when I get there what a joyful time that'll be. Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Lord, remember me. [[??]]

[00:13:36]
Oh, land of mine. Oh, and when I get oppressed, Lord, I hold Him to my breast. Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord! Oh, Lord, remember me.

[00:13:56]
{SPEAKER name="Speaker 1"}
The Sensational Cherubims!
[[applause]]

[00:14:04]
Now, y'all understand what I'm talking about, right?

[00:14:07]
Ok, so now how did these groups get connected to one another? Can you still hear me? Ok, good.

[00:14:15]
Gospel music was the first form of expression. It started in the 1920s and the singing of gospel quartets came out of the negro spiritual tradition.

[00:14:26]
Now, I want you to also keep in mind that negro spirituals were not thrown away. Sometimes, you would hear songs like "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot", but they would be transformed into a gospel style. That's the same way, in terms of- I tell my classes that, you know, black people don't throw anything away.

[00:14:44]
Things that other folks would find useless, that they're turned into something creative, in terms of Black-American culture. If you saw the Bluesmen earlier today on the Philadephia stage, you saw someone with a washboard and that washboard had connected to it a skillet.

[00:15:02]
It had a cowbell and he was making wonderful musical sounds. There were also some tops connected to it with nails, things that we would throw in the dumpyard, probably, he took, connected, and put together to make a wonderful musical instrument.

[00:15:17]
So, in the same way, in music, old forms of Afro-American musical expression are simply integrated into new forms. So, first there came the negro spiritual and this tradition was started by a group in the 1870s in Nashville, Tennessee. And if there are any-