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days before the race in question. Certification of the above is necessary unless witnessed by a committee of the Professional Race Pilots Association. 
In case a pilot has had no previous closed circuit racing experience he must fly the ship to be used in the race at least (5) consecutive laps of the prescribed course, at least two (2) of which shall be made at high (race) speed.
3.  Pilots must fly solo in all closed circuit races. Crash helmets, parachutes and safety belts are compulsory.
4.  The pilot who flies in any closed circuit race must be the same pilot who flew the identical airplane in the qualifying trials.  (The only exception to this rule will be a written statement from the official physician, in case of sickness or accident, that a pilot is not in condition to fly, in which case, an alternate pilot can be used, but the alternate pilot must be one who meets all the requirements outlined above for the first pilot.)
5.  The National Air Races Management will appoint a Doctor who will give each pilot a physical examination before taking part in any race. This examination must be made not to exceed six (6) hours before the start of each race. The Contest Directors reserve the right to disqualify any pilot who is not physically fit to participate.
6.  Pilots who fly airplanes in the Bendix Trophy Race will be allowed to fly airplanes in the Thompson and other closed circuit races provided they have personally qualified the airplane entered. Pilots will not be allowed to qualify any airplane entered in the Thompson or other races after they have finished the Bendix Trophy Race.
7.  Pilots entering the Bendix Trophy Race must be qualified to fly the type airplane they have entered and must be qualified in the type of cross country flying involved. In case of question on eligibility qualification, final decision rests with the Contest Committee for the Bendix Race. This Committee reserves the right to require any pilot to prove he is qualified to fly the airplane he has entered under the conditions required by the race rules.
8.  Entrants (airplane owners) not holding a National Aeronautic Association Annual Sports Registration for their airplane for the current calendar year must procure this from the National Aeronautic Association, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, D. C., before submitting entry. This license will bear the "race number" assigned by N. A. A. to the aircraft for the current calendar year.
G - ENTRIES AND ENTRY FEE
1.  Entries must be made on the official entry blanks supplied by the Race Contest Committee of the National Air Races. Closing date for all entries will be midnight, August 9, 1948. Postmark on the envelope will be considered official time of mailing.
2.  On entry blanks filed before closing date, midnight, August 9, 1948, an entry fee of $75.00 for each airplane is required other than Goodyear Trophy Race entries for which the fee is $25.00. This fee will cover all races for which any one airplane is eligible. Entry fee will not be returned, except to non-qualifiers reporting in Cleveland for the Goodyear Trophy Race.
3.  Pilots entering an airplane after the official closing date must pay an entry fee of $150.00 for each airplane they enter (Goodyear, $50.00) none of which will be returned except to non-qualifiers reporting in Cleveland for the Goodyear Trophy Race.
4.  No entry will be accepted after August 23, 1948.
5.  In all closed circuit races where there are less than six entrants in the class on the starting line and ready to start, the Race Contest Committee class on the starting line and ready to start, the Race Contest Committee reserves the right to cancel that race and no prize money will be awarded. However, should the Race Contest Committee decide to run a race where there are less than six entrants on the line ready to start, only the same number of prizes that there are airplanes in the race, will be paid. No race will be run with less than four starters.
6.  An entry which contains a false statement shall be considered null and void and the entry fee shall be forfeited.
7.  In case an entrant will not personally pilot the airplane entered, the name of the pilot and his license numbers must be filled out in the entry blank.
8.  Entry blanks will not officially be accepted by the Race Contest Committee unless complete information specified thereon is given. The Race Contest Committee reserves the right to accept or reject all entries.
H - PAYMENT OF PRIZES
1.  Prize money will be paid at the pilots' meeting on the day following the close of the 1948 National Air Races in case no protest have been filed. If protest have been filed in this period, see K-4 below.
2.  It is agreed that the National Air Races will deduct 2% from all prize money won by civilian pilot contestants, same to be paid to the Profissional Race Pilots Association.
3.  All prize money beyond the number of actual starters in any event shall revert to the Cleveland National Air Races.
4.  No prize money shall be paid to entrants who do not actually or officially finish the prescribed number of laps for the event unless of course they have been officially flagged down by the Chief Starter.
5.  When entrants are officially flagged down, prizes shall be paid such entrants according to the positions held at the time the Race is declared finished.
6.  There will be no duplication of prizes.
I - REJECTION AND EXCLUSION OF ENTRANTS
1.  The Race Contest Committee specifically reserves the right to reject or exclude any entrants for cause at any time and without obligation to rejected or excluded entrant or to anyone because of rejection or exclusion.
2.  Among grounds for rejection or exclusion will be:
   (a) Fraud in representing, by his or her entry or attempted entry, that the airplane, engine or pilot is qualified to compete in that specific race when the facts are otherwise.
   (b) Flying over grandstands at any time.
   (c) Failure of airplane, engine or pilot to be qualified to compete in any race in which entry is sought or has been made.
   (d) Airplane engine or pilot being in any unsatisfactory condition to compete, having due regard for the safety of airplane, engine, pilot, mechanic, public or other contestants.
   (e) Unfair or reckless competition; resorting to methods in competition that are unsportsmanlike.
   (f) Disobedience of F. A. I. rules or National Aeronautic Association rules or the published rules of the National Air Races or the Civil Aeronautics Administration's Air Traffic Rules and Regulations.
   (g) Any race or races which are overcrowded. In the exercise of such authority, selection will be made in the order of the entrant's qualifying speed. Those to be rejected will be the entrants with the lowest speed in the qualifying trials for the race.
3.  The right to exclude any contestant in any race is vested in the Contest Directors acting for the Race Contest Committee and will be exercised at the starting point of any of the races. The Chief of the Technical Committee will ac for the Contest Directors in exercising this authority.
J - MARKINGS ON AIRPLANES 
1. All racing numbers and color markings will be assigned or approved by the National Aeronautic Association. Assignments of race numbers or approval of color markings must be secured from N. A. A. prior to your arrival at the 1948 National Air Races.
2.  Numbers shall be painted by the contestant on the top of the upper left wing, reading from wing tip, and on each side of the fuselage, clear of the wing, in characters at least 36 inches high and in highly contrasting colors before official qualifying runs are made. The airplane shall have no other numbering except that required by the Civil Aeronautics Administration over 12 inches in height. The Race Contest Committee will rigidly enforce this requirement as to size and legibility of numbers.
3.  Airplanes entered in the Bendix Trophy Race shall have their racing number painted on the bottom of the lower right wing and on both sides of the fuselage in characters at least 36 inches high, clear of the wing and in highly contrasting colors.
4.  Entrants will be permitted to have advertising on their airplanes, provided that such advertising does not in any way obscure the racing numbers or the Civil Aeronautics Administration number and meets with the approval of the Contest Directors.
5.  The Chief Timer shall have the right to require contestants to replace or change the size, type or location of their racing numbers, if, in his opinion they are not legible from the Timer's stand. He may disqualify them if his instructions are not carried out.
K - PROTESTS
1.  The right to protest is possessed by pilots only; except that the Race Contest Committee may always act by virtue of its office, even when no protest have been filed. 
2.  Protests will be considered only when presented to the Entry Chief in writing within 12 hours after the completion of the rae and accompanied by the sum of $25.00 which amount shall be returned only if the protest shall be deemed to have been well founded, or if so directed by the Contest Board of the National Aeronautic Association.
3.  Protest on eligibility of airplane, engine or pilot, must be filed before the start of the race. This does not prevent the Race Contest Committee from disqualifying on the grounds of ineligibility, after the start of the race.
4.  The prize won by a contestant who is involved in a protest shall be withheld 48 hours after a final decision has been rendered concerning such protest.
5.  The parties involved in the protest must be duly summoned and given a hearing within a period of time determined by the Race Contest Committee. If they fail to present themselves at the time fixed, they may not plead such absence against the decision that was rendered in the case.
6.  Notice of rejection of the protest shall be given immediately in writing to the protestant at an address which must be set forth in the protest itself, or such notice may be delivered to the protestant in person.
7.  Pilots may appeal from decision of local Race Contest Committee to the N. A. A. Contest Board whose decision will be final. This appeal must be in writing and accompanied by $25.00 which amount shall not be refunded unless validity of protest is recognized and must be made within 48 hours after the decision of the local Race Contest Committee is announced.
8.  The National Contest Board reserves the right to officially interpret all rules.
L - DISQUALIFICATION
1.  No entrant or pilot or mechanic shall have any claim for damage or expense of any type against the National Air Races, or its officers, managers, trustees, underwriters, sponsors, City of Cleveland, assigns or the Race Contest Committee or the National Aeronautic Association or their officers, agents or representatives, by reason of disqualification of either airplane or the pilot.
M - EXPENSES OF PILOTS AND MECHANICS, ETC.
1.  The National Air Races assume no responsibility and will not pay the hotel, transportation, storage, gas, mechanical or living expenses of any contesting pilot, visiting pilot, passenger, mechanic or airplane.
2.  The National Air Races and those listed L-1, assume no responsibility or liability in case of accident or damage to any participating pilot, mechanic, official, employee or airplane.
N - RULES OF THE RACES
1.  Method of Start - formation starts will be used for all closed circuit races with the exception of the Sohio Handicap Trophy Race.
   (a) In these events, the airplanes eligible for each race will be lined up with engines idling on the starting line from left to right in the order of their positions as established in the qualifying trials as covered in teh Rules and Regulations for the 1948 National Air Races under "C - QUALIFYING and ELIMINATION SPEED TRIALS."
   (b) For formation starts, starting time for all airplanes will be taken from the time the first airplane crosses the starting line or when necessary, upon drop of starting flag. Finish time will be taken as each plane passes the finish line in flight.
   (c) In taking off in formation start, no airplane shall cut in front of another until a safe distance has been gained. Any airplane passing another airplane must keep at least 150 feet to the right or 50 feet above the airplane overtaken.
2.  All pylon turns must be made to the left and outside of the pylons.
3.  An airplane overtaken must hold its true course in order that it may not in any way impede or interfere with a faster, overtaking airplane.
4.  An airplane overtaking a slower airplane shall never attempt to pass between that airplane and the pylon.
5.  After crossing the finish line, all airplanes shall continue on their course until they have attained an altitude of 1,000 feet, then they may turn and return to the airport and land in that part of the airport assigned for landing and in so doing shall not cross the course or the finish line.
6.  Pilots shall pass all turning points in plain view of the observing official stationed at each turning point, and at an altitude of not over 500 feet. 
7.  CANCELLATION OF A RACE IN PROGRESS.  The Contest Directors shall have the power to cancel or declare finished a race in progress. If the race has been 60% or more than completed at the time that a red flag is displayed at the start and finish line, the race shall be declared finished. If it is not 60% completed, it shall be declared cancelled and run over at a later date. Responsibility of seeing the cancellation flag rests with the contestant.
8.  Pilots must at all times be on the lookout for transport airliners in the vicinity of the airport. In taking off and landing, transports are to have the right-of-way at all times.
9.  The Race Contests Committee reserves the right to change the length of any race course or the length of any race.
10.  FINISH OF THE RACE.  The finish of all closed circuit races will be made by passing over the finish line in front of and at right angles to the grandstand, after completing the required number of laps in the closed course or other prescribed course.
11.  The National Contest Board reserves the right to interpret these Rules and Regulations and make any changes they deem necessary.
O - PYLON TURNS DURING RACE - WHAT CONSTITUTES CUTTING OF PYLON
1.  A pilot who has cut a pylon (turning inside or having part of the airplane over the pylon constitutes "cutting") may validly continue the race provided he pulls up to a minimum altitude of 500 feet and makes a complete turn around same pylon in the proper direction of the race before continuing his course; otherwise, he is penalized one lap and therefore must make an additional complete lap for each cut pylon during the race.
P - WINNER OF THE RACE
1.  The winner of the first place in any race where speed is the determining factor, shall be the pilot who has completed a full race in the shortest elapsed time and of second place, the second best time, etc., provided, the pilot is not disqualified and no protest has been filed.