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saving of 43 minutes or 61%. In the nine helicopter markets at issue, the average saving is 38 minutes or 69%. 7/ 

These substantial time savings will improve the overall quality of our national air transportation system by materially shortening the length of the overall journey. Between Washington and six major cities, there will be an average time saving of 11%. (DCH 617) Moreover, as shown in Chart B, at Detroit there is a time saving of 20% and at Miami of 19%. Where helicopter service is available at both ends, the saving is larger. A Chicago passenger using Friendship would save 80 minutes or 42% of the total journey.  8/  With helicopter service established at New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and Washington-Baltimore, almost one-third of the nation's fixed-wing passengers will have helicopter service available. This is an impressive beginning in the development of a true jet-age route pattern. 9/ 

C. Helicopter Service Can Be Provided in the Washington-Baltimore Area at Reasonable Subsidy Levels and With Every Prospect of Eventual Subsidy-Free Operations. 

The key to public convenience and necessity is not the "base period" traffic, but the rate of traffic growth. While the exhibits necessarily have been directed to subsidy requirements for a particular "base year", concentration on base year operating results obscures the essential judgment. It will take time to develop traffic, to locate heliports and to

7/ 
[[5 Columned Table]]
|   | Best surface time | Helicopter time | Saving | % Saving |
| --- | time | time | --- | --- |
| Dulles-Downtown Washington | 50 min. | 11 min. | 39 min. | 78% |
| Dulles-Washington National | 50 | 11 | 39 | 78 |
| Dulles-Friendship | 90 | 27 | 63 | 70 |
| Dulles-Baltimore | 100 | 41 | 59 | 59 |
| Wash. National-Downtown Wash. | 15 | 3 | 12 | 80 |
| Wash. National-Friendship | 60 | 19 | 41 | 68 |
| Wash. National-Baltimore | 70 | 27 | 43 | 61 |
| Downtown Wash.-Friendship | 45 | 13 | 32 | 71 |
| Friendship-Baltimore | 18 | 5 | 13 | 72 |
| Average | 55 min. | 17 min. | 38 min. | 69% |

Source: NYA-105

8/ While helicopter service is available at Chicago whether or not service is authorized at Washington-Baltimore, the example illustrates the vast improvement in the nation's air pattern resulting from helicopter service at both ends. Certification in the Washington-Baltimore area will expand the markets where savings at both ends are possible.

9/  In 1960, 16,125,609 passengers out of 50,584,135 enplaned at New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Washington or Baltimore.