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During these four year while China fights gallently on, many a stronger nation in Europe as well as the [[strikethrough]] continents [[/strikethrough]] continents have been sacrificed

on the altar of militarism. You must agree with me that it is an amazing record for unprepared China to withstand the onslaught of a military superior nation whose weapon had been forged in the factory of modern science. Military un-preparedness is not the only unpreparedness of China. I must tell you something about the unpreparedness of China on her medical front when the war was thrust upon her. China was just emerging from medieval ages to which the last dynasty had held her.  She had less than 10,000 adequately trained doctors to minister to a population of some 450 million. Hospitals were few and most of them were mission hospitals along the coast or in the large cities. When the costal cities fell into the hands of the enemy, these hospitals were naturally put beyond the reach of free China. Thus at the height of the invasion; that is, at the fall of Nanking and Hankow, China might be said to have been medically helpless.

Add to this picture of medical vulnerability the public health problems caused by the invasion, and what little existing facilities there were, by the dislocation of large populations and you have the ingredients for large scale catastro-phes which in conjunction with the invaders could render an entire nation helpless, however great its initial morale.

At this critical point medical men trained in America and in England rose to leadership. Two men were outstanding. Under the direction of Dr. F.C. Yen, Director-General of the National Health Administration, and of Dr. Robert K.S. Lim, Director of the Medical Relief Commission, the defenses in the medical front were gradually built.

Just how great is the suffering and how desperate the need for outside aid no one can compute. Sixty million people, half of the population of the United States have ben uprooted and transplanted to new and strange environments, exposed to epidemic diseases which are encouraged to spread because of overcrowding and impaired health. Thousands of homeless waifs roam the countryside, only to die of starvation or rot in orphan camps exposed to disease. Malaria of a per-