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78 U.S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY
When a reasonable degree of proficiency is attained, the student should be given practice in steep turns at a fairly low altitude. This must be restricted to dual periods only, however. Such practice will give the student a better appreciation of any errors and promote ease. It is particularly helpful in giving the student an idea of loss or gain of altitude during the maneuver.
In assisting the student to analyze his errors it is often valuable to point out the following aids: 
If the elevators are not getting the desired response, adopt the following procedure: 
If the nose is too high, increase the bank. 
If the nose is too low, decrease the bank. 
The reasons for this procedure can be better demonstrated than explained. But they will give the student a better basis for restarting and assist him in analyses. 
In judging the correctness of the turn the following will assist: 
Have him observe the movements of the low wing with reference to the ground. The following will be true:
If the wing remains in its position, the turn is good. 
If the wing moves "up" or toward the pilot, the bank is decreasing. 
if the wing moves "down" or away from the pilot, the bank is increasing. 
If the trailing edge at the wing tip moves down and forward, the nose is rising and the airplane is climbing. 
If the trailing edge at the wing tip moves up and backwards, the nose is falling and the airplane is entering a dive. 
These will change the student's reference points, direct his attention away from the nose, and aid him in orienting the attitude of the airplane when the horizon is obscured. He should note the results of his efforts to correct his errors from these indications alone and practice until the results are accurate. Once this is done, he can execute better turns by this means than by continually watching the nose, for the reason that any slight movement of the nose is magnified at the wing tips. Proficiency in this also helps to promote ease and confidence in addition to improving the technique. 
Many students conceive the idea that a steep turn is more or less of a "set" maneuver and try to perform it in a mechanical fashion. If the student persists in this conception, much valuable training will be lost and very little learned from practice of the maneuver. For such students, it will prove valuable to have them execute exercises consisting of varying degrees of banks, held for stated periods, in a continuous turn such as the following:
First a steep bank is held for 90° of turn, then a shallow bank for 90°, then a steep bank for 90°, and then a medium for 90°, rotting the sequence so that no mechanical tendency can be maintained. 
The student should be encouraged to feel his way around the turn since this is the only way the proper coordination can be acquired. Too many students are prone to throw the airplane into a steep bank and are able to "catch" it at the desired attitude. When forced to slow down they display complete ignorance of the process of attaining the bank by smooth, coordinated pressures. Such a student should be required to practice rolling from one steep bank to the