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88 U.S CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY

Should any airplane, during a spin, develop back pressure on the stick (that is, the stick tend to stay back of its own accord when released or requre any unusual pressure when attempts are made to return it to neutral), it should be removed from spin use until the trouble is located. Such condition is very apt to cause the ship to develop bad spin characteristics, particularly in a spin of over two or three turns' duration. No student should be allowed to indulge in prolonged spins in any aircraft.

S TURNS ACROSS A ROAD
Up to the present time the student's work has been at relatively high altitudes and for the purpose of developing his technique, knoledge of maneuvers, coordination, feel, and handling of the aircraft in general. This work will have required that most of his attention be given to the actual handling of the airplane and the results of control pressures, etc., on the action and attitude of the ship.
If this is permitted to continue the student's concentration of attention will become a fixed habit, one that will seriously distract from his usefulness and safety as a pilot and will be very difficult to eliminate. Therefore it  is necessary, as soon as he shows proficiency in the fundamental maneuvers, that he be introduced to problems requiring a practical application of these maneuvers and the knwoledge gained.
These will be minor problems at first, with more difficult ones added as the student is able to progress, until at the end of his training his technique will have been perfected and relegated to his subconscious for use without conscious effort in maneuvering the aircraft in any manner  within its performance limitations that the mind or circumstance may dictate.
In learning this practical application of the maneuvers given and the knowledge gained it will facilitate his appreciation of the problems if the work is given at relatively low altitude, that is, about 500 feet. This altitude will depend on the speed and type of the aircraft to a large extent, and the following factors should be considered:
1. The speed with relation to the ground should not be so apparent that events happen too rapidly.
2. The radius of turn and the path of the airplane over the ground should be easily noted and changes planned and effected as circumstances require for the problems involved.
3. Drift should be easily discernible, but not tax the student too much in making corrections.
4. Objects on the ground should appear in their proper proportion and size.
5. The altitude should be low enough to render any gain or loss apparent to the student.
The student at this point will have had sufficient experience to be at ease at low altitudes and should, by reason of this background, be easily instructed in the minor problems. He should be able not only to grasp the details of the problems to be worked but should show fair technique while doing it.