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FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL
99

out of the use of the throttle which, the student should begin to learn, is a control and has "feel" the same as any other.

While taxiing out for the take-off the student should, if possible, take a direction more or less at right angles to the proposed take-off path, and if the point of take-off is any distance away he should S frequently to be sure that his path remains clear. This right angle path will also permit greater ease in watching airplanes approaching for a landing. Both the direction of this approach and the path ahead should be frequently checked and, as the take-off line is approached, the student should also observe the area in the direction of take-off to be certain that the line of flight remains clear. 

When the proper position for the take-off is reached the airplane should be headed in the proper direction and brought to a full stop. 

The area to the rear and to the front then should be re-checked to be sure that all is clear. If so, the throttle then should be opened just enough to start the airplane rolling. The pressure on the elevators should be relaxed, but the student must be alert to correct any tendency to nose over should any obstruction be struck. 

As soon as the airplane is rolling well, the throttle should be opened fully unless an altitude engine is being used, in which case full instructions for the particular engine should be given and the allowable manifold pressure not exceeded. The throttle, as always, must be opened smoothly. As the aircraft picks up speed, it must be held in a straight line with the rudder regardless of the pressures or movements required to accomplish this.

After the throttle has been fully opened, the stick should be eased forward until resistance is felt. From this point on pressure is exerted against this resistance until the tail is raised to the desired position and the airplane assumes the approximate attitude for a shallow climb. This position is maintained by the appropriate pressures on the elevators until the airplane leaves the ground.

Varying pressures will be felt on the stick as the take-off progresses, but these must be constantly compensated by the pilot's efforts so that the airplane keeps a constant attitude as explained.

Such an attitude allows the ship to take off its own accord as soon as sufficient speed is attained and prevents stalled take-offs, which occur when the tail is held too low, and the prolonged runs and bumping over the ground which occur when the tail is held too high.

If the airplane is properly balanced with the stabilizer, the correct attitude, once attained, will be automatically maintained and efforts on the elevators should be relaxed prior to any easing back during, or just after, the ship's leaving the ground. This assures that the efforts are relaxed and any pressures that it may be necessary to exert will be more nearly correct since they will more closely approximate the normal to which the student has been accustomed.

Immediately after this relaxation, a tentative, gentle but firm back pressure should be exerted on the stick and, if resistance is felt, continued slowly until the weight of the airplane is felt on the stick. The tail should not be lowered by this process. This pressure is then held while the student attempts to sense the instant the airplane leaves the ground.

Immediately after the ship has left the ground, if the terrain affords no hazards to such a course, the nose should be lowered slightly