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132 U.S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY
If the loops are uneven otherwise it will be obvious that the pylons were not selected cross wind, and from an analysis of the shape of these loops the wind direction can be determined. 
When the student exhibits a thorough understanding of the principles of this type of eight and is able to hold the pylon well with good coordination and control of altitude, he should gain more latitude and do the same eights with an initial 45° bank. This will require that all the perceptions, processes, and reactions be speeded up considerably. 
When these have been perfected, the altitude should be moved up to the pivotal altitude and the steep eights on pylons or true pylon eights given. These require a slightly different technique since in a steep bank of 70° the bank cannot be varied as much in order to hold the pylon. It may be steepened slightly to counteract for drift, but any attempts to shallow it will result in its total loss of a violent slip. 
The proper execution of these eights depends on the correct altitude and a very accurate estimate of the amount of drift in determining the starting point. The stronger the wind, the closer the starting point will have to be to the side of the pylon and the later the start will have to be in order to still be holding the pylon when the recovery is to be made. In many cases a 70° starting bank will be a 90° bank just before recovery. This type of eight requires very excellent planning and timing together with very fast and accurate maneuvering. When the student can do these well, with smoothness and good coordination, he is making good progress on his way to becoming a pilot. The events happen so rapidly that timing and accuracy of planning and execution must be almost perfect, and all must be done with no conscious attention to the airplane. The slightest deviation of attention from the pylon will cause its loss with no possibility of regaining it. Additional power may be used in this last type, but it should be coordinated with the other controls, reaching its peak at the steepest part of the bank and returned to normal as recovery is made. 
Inspectors will usually give one of the first two types of eights on pylons for the shallow eights required in flight tests for certificates of competency. For the steep eights they will accept either steep (70°) eights around pylons or the steep (70°) eights on pylons (or pylon eights) just described. The latter are preferable since, if properly performed, they demonstrate a much higher development of flying technique, planning, and accuracy. 
Some difficulty may be experienced in attempting to execute these steep eights in side-by-side controlled aircraft due to the inability to judge the position of the pylon on the off side. The only thing the student can do to offset this is to accurately pan his flight path and judge his position to the pylon by aligning it and the correct starting position with two or more objects farther to the side. 
It must be remembered that the pylon will appear in a different relative position with regard to the portions of the airplane used as sights for the judging of its position and movement when viewed from the front seat and the rear seat of a tandem aircraft. Once this position is formed for the particular student and ship it should always be maintained.