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152 U. S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY SLIPPING TURNS Many pilots prefer to use the slipping turn rather than the forward slip. This is merely what the name implies, a turn with insufficient rudder. However, the amount of the slip is controlled and the slipping done deliberately. It may be made very gentle or very violent, depending on the degree of the bank of the amount of rudder used, or both. It is usually used during the last 90° or 180° turn for the spot. Most students will learn this of their own accord, and attempt to get by in their normal accuracy work by using it, particularly during solo periods. For this reason its use should be discouraged until the latter part of the student's training, when he will have so developed and perfected his judgment of glide that he will not have to resort to any subterfuge. Every student should be adept in the technique of slips, but it is even more important that his judgement of glide be perfected. From a safety angle, on complements the other, for by the proper use of both, absolute accuracy is assured under the most unfavorable circumstances. All slips have definite limitations and too many students will try to lose altitude by violent slipping rather than by maneuvering and exercising judgement of glide with a slight or moderate slip at the very end. This invariably leads to trouble in an emergency since, despite all warnings and practice, enough excess speed will be gained by the average student during such violent maneuvers to prevent his getting down anywhere near the objective and very often he will overshoot the entire field. SIDE SLIPS A "slide slip" differs considerably from the "forward slip" mainly in its results. The loss of altitude is much swifter and the flight path is not necessarily maintained. The side slip may be done in varying degrees, from shallow to vertical. The shallower slips are more of a combination of the forward and side slips, and the verticals, in most cases, a combination of the side slip and the slipping turn, due to the inability of the rudder, on most ships, to hold the nose up with the stick well forward. To execute a true side slip the nose is pulled well above the horizon, the ship banked to 50° or 60° and full top rudder applied. The stick is then eased forward enough to prevent turning. The result is a sudden sideways drop that is breath-taking to the novice. In general, the higher the nose is pulled at the start, the steeper the bank will have to be to maintain control. Great care must be taken during recovery to coordinate properly the controls and prevent the gain of speed. If the nose is allowed to fall and the rudder suddenly released, the ship will pick up so much excess speed that it will be impossible to land even in a good-sized airport without further maneuvers. Due to the violence of this maneuver and the suddenness with which altitude is lost, it should not ben given until the student is well advanced, and then he should be worked up to it through its shallower forms. These slips should not be attempted close to the ground because of the sudden loss of altitude and the possibility of errors in recovery
