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FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR'S Manual 175

gradually reduced, and the bank shallowed, until upon arrival at the 180 degree point the ship is in straight and level flight at a speed just above stalling point.  The turning rate is constant throughout the maneuver, although the bank is varied.  This is accomplished by the elevators and the position of the flight path with relation to the vertical plane.
When properly executed, it is done smoothly and no altitude loss is necessary for recover, although speed is reduced to a bare minimum at its completion.  The maneuver should be executed along a road on the down wind side, and the turns made into the wind in the manner described under "precision turns," and for the same reasons.  The use of the road will give an excellent check on accuracy and assist in orientation.
Having selected the road, fly parallel to it at an altitude of more than 1,500 feet and nose down slightly to obtain considerable excess speed.  Start a slight turn and a climb, gradually steepening both, as was done in the first part of the "lazy eight."  As speed starts to fall below the normal for cruising, the throttle should be opened gradually until it is wide open in an attempt to maintain this speed.  The rate of climb and degree of bank are increased simultaneously at the proper rate to make the maximum angle of climb (at the proper speed for the maximum climb), and the maximum degree of bank (vertical), occur at the 90 degree point of the change of direction.  At this pint recovery is started.  Recovery from the bank is made faster than from the climb, so that when the 180 degree point is reached the ship is flying straight and level with a bare minimum of flying speed and with the throttle wide open.
The initial speed attained in the dive will control the amount of climb permissible and possible and, since it is rarely exactly the same in any two maneuvers, their outlines will vary accordingly.  However, the maximum climb should always be obtained for the amount of speed used in starting.
It is usually better to start the maneuver with a shallow bank and gradually increase it, rather than with a steep bank at the start, since the shallow bank will not affect the speed to a great extent and all students will have a tendency to let the bank increase as the maneuver progresses.  If the initial bank is too steep, it will result in a considerable reduction of speed at the start and cause the student to attempt to decrease the bank as the maneuver progresses.  This will further reduce the speed and the whole maneuver will be ruined before it is well started.
If necessary, the maneuver may be introduced in steps and later smoothed out into one continuous coordinated maneuver.  These steps are:
1. Dive to gain excess speed.
2. Start a climb, progressively increasing the rate until 90 degree of turn is reached, at which point it should be the maximum obtainable. 
3. Add a turn, progressively increasing the bank until it is vertical at the 90 degree point of change of direction.
4. After the 90 degree point is reached start recover from the bank and increase the angle of climb in such a manner as to take advantage of the increase in speed and lift resulting from the decrease of the bank.