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FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL   187

characteristics learned until the correct speed is found. This speed is the minimum necessary to perform the maneuver with comfort. 

A smoother and more symmetrical loop will be obtained if the initial speed is gained with the throttle set for cruising speed. This allows the throttle to be opened as speed starts to fall off and results in the ability to hold the arc of the loop to its original radius for a longer period.
 
At the start of the loop, a sharp or rapid pull-up will result in a rapid loss of speed and, in many instances, failure to complete the maneuver. If smooth, coordinated, progressive pressure is used, a 

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PERFECT LOOP

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NORMAL LOOP

FIGURE 27.--The loop. 

minimum of speed will be lost for the amount of change of altitude effected and a much more symmetrical loop will result. Much of the "hanging" on the top of the loop is caused by a too rapid or abrupt start. 

The rate of the progressive application of the elevators is estimated by the feel of their resistance to the pressure applied, which should be considerable throughout the maneuver. The degree of their relaxation of this resistance is an indicator of the loss of speed and may be an indicator of insufficient initial speed or delayed elevator action, since it will show that the radius of the turn is too large for the speed.

150310°--39--13