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200  U.S. CIVIL AERONAUTICS AUTHORITY

less accomplish, inadvertently, as a result of pulling the stick back too sharply at the top of the loop, as discussed under loops. Altitude will invariably be lost in this type while in the "true" Immelman 

[[Diagram showing the Immelman turn]]

[[caption]] Figure 33.- The Immelman turn. [[caption]]

altitude is usually gained, except in airplanes that require excessive dive to gain sufficient speed for the proper execution.

ROLL ON TOP OF A LOOP

A roll on top of a loop is a combination of two acrobatic maneuvers. It consists of a normal loop in which a snap roll is made

[[diagram showing the roll on top of a loop]]

[[caption]] Figure 34.- The roll on top of a loop. [[caption]]