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94 AIR REGULATIONS, 1938 (b) A flight without landing during which the candidate shall remain for a total period of one hour at a minimum altitude of 12,000 feet above sea level. (iv) Night Flight. Three flights of at least fifteen minutes each made between two hours after sunset and two hours before sunrise, at a height of at least 1,500 feet above the ground or water, on a dark night. (v) Spins. The candidate shall satisfy the examining officer as to his ability to recover from both left and right hand spins without exterior view. (vi) Instrument Flight. A flight in the course of which the candidate must, without exterior view, maintain correctly, during thirty minutes, his line of flight and carry out ordinary manoeuvres by the sole use of the instruments on board. NOTE.--The flying tests designated in the foregoing para. 8 (i) (ii) and (iii) (a) may be waived to the holders of valid commercial or limited commercial air pilots' certificates. 9. All flights in the case of a test for a certificate for types of aircraft of less than 2,000 pounds gross weight shall be carried out with the pilot alone in the aircraft with the exception of the test stated in para. 8 (vi). Tests for certificates for other types shall be carried out in an aircraft of the type with the necessary crew, if any. 10. A candidate who desires a licence permitting him to fly a type of aircraft equipped with two or more engines will be required to undergo a practical test of his ability to fly and manoeuvre such an aircraft with each engine in turn completely throttled down. 11. If available, a barograph shall be carried on all flights and the graph, signed by the examiners, shall be attached to their report which will cover all incidents, especially the alightings. 12. The technical examination must be completed within a period of one year from date of application and will be upon the subjects and will include the practical tests indicated:-- (a) Theoretical knowledge of the laws of the resistance of the air especially as concerns its effect on wings and tail planes, rudders, elevators, and propellers; functions of the different parts of the aircraft and of their controls. (b) Assembling of aircraft and their component parts. (c) Practical tests on rigging. (d) General knowledge of internal combustion engines, including functions of the various parts, a general knowledge of the construction, assembling, adjustment, and characteristics of aero engines, and their lubrication and upkeep. (e) Causes of the faulty running of engines and of breakdown. (f) Practical tests in running repairs. (g) Practical swinging of an aircraft compass. (h) Knowledge of instruments prescribed for aircraft. (i) Knowledge of rules as to lights and signals, general rules for air traffic and special rules for air traffic on and in the vicinity of aerodromes and seaplane stations. (j) Practical knowledge of the special conditions of air traffic and of international air legislation. (k) Map reading, orientation, measurement of distances, calculation of courses, location of position, elementary meteorology. 13. A medical examination will be made by a medical officer approved by the Minister, and in accordance with the medical requirements of the International Commission for Air Navigation.