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relating to pilot behavior which are evaluated on a sample flight check actually differentiate below pilots who eventually were eliminated and those who eventually became successful airline pilots.

Some additional information as to the importance of various ideas of pilot behavior was obtained from an analysis of the ratings obtained by 176 eliminated pilots on all flight checks recorded in their personnel files. For these pilots, the percentage of all ratings which were below average was computed for each of 20 categories of pilot behavior. The total number of ratings on the 176 eliminated pilots was 17,974. Of these, 4,077, or 22.7%, were below-average ratings. The percentage of below-average ratings for each category of pilot behavior is shown in Table 9. Although it was not possible to match these 176 eliminated pilots with successful pilot controls, these comparative percentages of below-average grades for the various components of the pilot's job give some indication of the extent to which they differentiate the eliminated pilot from the successful. In Table 8 it was shown that ratings on many of these components significantly differentiated between eliminated and successful pilots. Furthermore, these below-average ratings represent scores which are below the standards "established by the airlines" [quoted is underlined] for an average pilot. Consequently, those kinds of pilot behavior receiving the largest number of below-average ratings are probably some of the most critical pilot behavior requirements for the jo of airline pilot. One thing which is apparent from observation of the job components being rated on these checks is in fact that they do not correspond with the job components determined from the analysis of critical incidents obtained from the interview. It appears that the airlines for purposes of checking and evaluating pilots have broken down the job into phases of flight or maneuvers, whereas the content analysis of critical incidents and accidents gives a breakdown of the job into components made up of similar kinds of pilot acts.
One further indication of what kinds of behavior are critical was obtained from an analysis of the percentage of below-average ratings on 35 eliminated pilots who had been given ratings on an "Instrument Approach Report." These pilots had ratings on very specific parts of the instrument approach. some indication of what aspects of this particular component of the job are critical is obtained from the analysis, presented in Table 10.
2. "Critical Pilot Traits and Characteristics" [quoted is underlined]. This survey provided a considerable amount of information pertaining to pilot traits and characteristics which are critical in differentiating superior airline pilots from the average or poor airline pilots. Information of this nature was obtained from the following three sources and will be discussed under these headings:(1)information from the pilot interviews, (2)information from the Civil Aeronautics Administration Examiner and Company Check-Pilot Interviews, (3)information from the company personnel files.
In response to Question #3 of the pilot interview, which asked for causes of unsafe airline flying, the pilots made 224 comments indicating that certain traits or characteristics of airline pilots were causes of unsafe airline flying. a classification of these comments is presented in Table 11.
Pilots, check-pilots and Civil Aeronautics Administration Examiners expressed 466 opinions as to the traits and characteristics which they felt differentiated the good airline pilot from the average one but were not being evaluated by present methods of evaluation. These opinions are classified in Table 12.