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46  AIR CARRIERS AND COMMERCIAL OPERATORS OF LARGE AIRCRAFT PART 121

A person who is "directly in charge" need not physically observe and direct each worker constantly but must be available for consultation and decision on matters requiring instruction or decision from higher authority than that of the persons performing the work.

121.379 Authority to perform and approve maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations.
(a) A certificate holder may perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations as provided in its continuous airworthiness maintenance program and its maintenance manual. In addition, an air carrier may perform these functions for another air carrier as provided in the continuous airworthiness maintenance program and its maintenance manual of the other air carrier.
(b) A certificate holder may approve any aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance for return to service after maintenance, preventive maintenance, or alterations that it performed under paragraph (a) of this section.  However, in the case of a major repair or major alteration, the work must have been done in accordance with technical data approved by the Administrator.

Subpart M - Airman and Crewmember Requirements

121.381 Applicability.
This subpart prescribes airmen and crewmember requirements for all certificate holders.
121.383  Airman: limitations on use of services.
(a) No certificate holder may use a person as an airman unless that person - 
(1) Holds an appropriate current airman certificate issued by the FAA;
(2) Has any required appropriate current airman and medical certificates in his possession while engaged in operations under this part; and 
(3) Is otherwise qualified for the operation for which he is to be used.
(b) Each airman covered by paragraph (a) (2) of this section shall present either or both certificates for inspection upon the request of the Administrator.
(c) No certificate holder may use the services of any person as a pilot on an airplane engaged in operations under this part if that person has reached his 60th birthday.  No person may serve as a pilot on an airplane engaged in operations under this part if that person has reached his 60th birthday.

121.385 Composition of flight crew.
(a) No certificate holder may operate an aircraft with less than the minimum flight crew in the airworthiness certificate or the Aircraft Flight Manual approved for that type aircraft and required by this part for the kind of operation being conducted.
(b) In any case in which this part requires the performance of two or more functions for which an airman certificate is necessary, that requirement is not satisfied by the performance of multiple functions at the same time by one airman.
(c) The following minimum pilot crews apply: 
(1) Domestic air carriers.  If a domestic air carrier is authorized to operate under IFR, or if it operates large aircraft, the minimum pilot crew is two pilots and the air carrier shall designate one pilot as pilot in command and the other second in command.
(2) Flag air carriers.  If a flag air carrier is authorized to operate under IFR, or it it operates large aircraft, the minimum pilot crew is two pilots.
(3) Supplemental air carriers and commercial operators.  If a supplemental air carrier or commercial operator is authorized to operate helicopters under IFR, or if it operates large aircraft, the minimum pilot crew is two pilots and the supplemental air carrier or commercial operator shall designate one pilot as pilot in command and the other second in command.
(d) On each flight requiring a flight engineer at least one flight crewmember, other than the flight engineer, must be qualified to provide emergency performance of the flight engineer's functions for the safe completion of the flight if the flight engineer becomes ill or otherwise incapacitated. A pilot need not hold a flight engineer's certificate to perform the flight engineer's functions in such a situation.
(Ch. 14)

[[note]] Pertinent Regulation to Age 60 Retirement Rule. [[/note]]