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of the last ten years as pilot-in-command of jet equipment; his record shows a history of ten years of repeated initial and recurrent training and checking for his ability to respond with "jet" and not "piston" reactions to jet emergencies, proving beyond doubt his success in "unlearning" the now-forgotten piston to jet aircraft by senior captains is today all but non-existent; initial transition to turbine equipment now occurs at the early stages of a pilot's career, if, indeed, there is any remaining occasion for a piston-jet transition at any time.

12. Moreover, as a result of the several crew complement disputes on the nation's airlines during the period 1958-1962, substantially all three and four engine turbine aircraft operated by pilots represented by ALPA are manned by a crew of three qualified pilots, admittedly a fail-safe crew, in which any two pilots are prepared to function fully and safely should the third suddenly become incapacitated. The concept of the fail-safe crew was expressly designed to meet the