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The Latin American Spirit--Page 4 appeared at The Museum of Modern Art, the University Texas, Austin, and Yale University. His work is included in the permanent collections of many major United States museums. Emilio Pettoruti Born in 1882 in La Plata Argentina, Emilio Pettoruti was granted a scholarship by the province of Buenos Aires from the European study at age 31. While in Europe, he was active in the futurist movement in Milan before returning to Argentina in 1924. On invitation of the Committee of Inter-American Artists, Pettoruti travelled to the United States in 1942 and was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship in 1956. His work has appeared in many solo and group exhibitions throughout the United States. Pettoruti died in 1971. Candido Portinari Candido Portinari was born in 1903 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. He studied at Escuela Nacional de Belas Artes in Rio de Janiero in 1918, and later studied figure drawing under Lucilo de Albuquerque and painting under Amoeda and Batista da Costa. Portinari travelled throughout Europe and returned to Brazil in 1936, to teach at the Universidad de Distrito in Rio de Janeiro. After 1937, he concentrated primarily on murals depicting scenes of Brazilian life, a departure from his earlier academic style. In the early 1940's Portinari turned to a more fluid and expressionistic style, as represented in the series of frescoes in the Hispanic Foundation at the United States Library of Congress. In 1955 he executed two large murals entitled "War and Peace" for the United States General Assembly Building in New York. He was awarded a Legion of Honor medal in 1946, a Guggenheim National First Prize in 1956, and a Hallmark Art Award in 1957. Portinari also illustrated several books for the Paris publishing house, Gallimard, before his death in 1962. Diego Rivera A native of Mexico, Diego Rivera was born in Guanajuato in 1886 and moved to Mexico City during his childhood. He studied under Guadalupe Posada and other Mexican painters, and was deeply influenced by the native sculpture of Mexico. During the early 1900's, he travelled throughout Europe and lived in Paris for nearly a decade. He had close associations with Paul Cezanne and Pablo Picasso, and with exiled Russian Communists in Europe. Rivera became convinced that a new form of art should respond to "the new order of things...and that the logical place for this art...belonging to the populace, was on the walls of public buildings." After returning to Mexico in 1921, he painted several large murals in the Preparatory School and the Ministry of Education in Mexico City and the Agricultural School of Chapingo. These murals, which dealt with life, history and problems of Mexico, were executed with the assistance of younger artists. Rivera visited Moscow in 1927 and returned to Mexico the following year to paint the National Palace and in the Palace of Cortes at Cucvernaca. He also painted frescoes in the Stock Exchange and San Francisco Art Institute, and mural depicting his interpretation of industrial America in the Detroit Institute of Arts. A mural for the Rockefeller Center in New York was destroyed after much controversy over his inclusion of a portrait of Lenin. In 1929, Rivera married artist Frida Kahlo. Rivera interceded with Mexican President
