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The New Orleans Times.

WM. H. C. KING & CO.,
PUBLISHERS.
OFFICE-No. 70 CAMP STREET.

Wm. H. C. King, Editor.

TERMS OF THE TIMES
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NEW ORLEANS, TUESDAY, OCT. 10, 1865

Amusements This Evening

VARIETIES-The new comedy of "How She Loves Him," and "Sketches in India."
ACADEMY-Closed until Wednesday evening, when the Variety Troupe is to appear.

SUMMARY OF NEWS.

The Evening Star left New York for New Orleans on Saturday. There have been added to the Star line the steamships Mississippi and Merrimack.
Forty thousand barrels of coal oil were burned in Philadelphia on Sunday.
Wirz is recovering from his nervous depression.
The organization of the South Carolina militia is rapidly progressing. They are to co-operate with the National forces in suppressing lawlessness.
Messrs. Stephens and Reagan are in their usual health at Fort Warren. The Georgia planters are complaining of the idleness of the negroes.
It is broadly intimated that our Government is to send troops to San Domingo to stop the war between the negroes there. Geffrard is said to be willing to accept American protection.
The Fenian excitement continues in Ireland, and numerous arrests are made.
Among the arrivals yesterday was the Lady Gay from the West, with St. Louis papers of the 4th, the telegraphic news of which we copy entire.
Our Consul at Trieste reports an abatement of the cholera.
Gens. Lee and Johnston have not, as reported, been summoned to testify at the Wirs trial in Washington.
Gen. Grant had an enthusiastic reception at Columbus, Ohio, on the 3d.
Arrangements have been made to build a railroad from Leavenworth to Kansas City at once.
We have a summary of the previsions of the new South Carolina Constitution.
Our Washington letter says the Government advertising has been transferred from the radical Republican to the Constitutional Union, a paper of opposite stripe, and intimates that two Southern gentlemen will ere long be invited to take seats in the Cabinet.
The Convention of the Conservative Union party of Louisiana yesterday nominated the following State ticket: For Governor-J. Madison Wells; for Lieutenant Governor-J. G. Taliaferro; for Secretary of State-T. J. Edwards; for Treasurer-J. T. Michel; for Auditor-Vassil A. Fournet; for Attorney General-Geo. S. Lacy; for Superintendent of Public Education-Dr. R. C. Richardson.

The Great Problem of the Day

There can be no doubt of the fact that the future of the negro is, within the limits of the Union, the great problem of the present. As one of the consequences of was the negro was rendered free, and the question arises-what shall we do with him? If in freedom he could be made to understand the imperative obligation which rests on him to procure an honest livelihood by the labor of his hands the case would present no insuperable difficulties. But his unfortunate tendency to idleness, self-indulgence, intemperance and petty pilfering forms a barrier in his path of progress. Heedless of all, save the demands of the moment, and with a moral sense too weak to guard him from temptation, he yields to the pressure of unworthy impulses, and leaves the future all to chance.
Thus far, since the date of his emancipation, the negro has been under the special protection of a Bureau which was not only kindle disposed towards him, but, for the most part, greatly prejudiced in his favor. This, however, can only be regarded as a temporary expedient. There is no legal or financial provision for the continuance of the Freedmen's Bureau, and as soon as things become entirely settled in the South, it will of course be abolished. The solution of the great problem of the day will then be left to the Southern people, and they must meet in a spirit at once generous and just.
These remarks have been suggested by the "Final Report of the Bureau" for the "Department of the Gulf." which now lies before us. The report was prepared by the Rev. Thomas W. Conway, Assistant Commissioner and General Superintendent, and is addressed to Major General Canby. Since his arrival here no man could be more anxious to advance the interests of the freedmen than Mr. Conway. His toil on their behalf has been truly "a labor of love." At first, indeed, he was regarded as somewhat ultra in his notions concerning the virtue of the blacks and the wickedness of the whites; but as soon as he became more intimately acquainted with the past and present relationship of the two races, he, as far as possible, corrected his old opinions, and strove to do justice between man and man. Every person, however, has his prejudices, and it is not to be expected that Mr. Conway could wholly rid himself of their unconscious influence.
In speaking under the head of "Home Colonies," Mr. Conway says:
I desire to impress upon the minds of all who came into my charge that work could in no case be avoided, and that if they fell upon the Government to be maintained, they must work as hard as if they were employed by contract on the plantation of any private citizen. The fact that while in my charge they must work as hard as if employed by others, and get no pay, has been instrumental in decreasing the number of vagrants who would otherwise have crowded upon me.
While admitting that enforced labor without pay was about the only means at his command of "decreasing the number of vagrants," he complains that the planters "would have brought the freedmen again into bondage, in fact, if not in name," because they insisted on "some mode of compelling the laborers" to perform their obligations faithfully.
Under the head of "Persecutions by the Police," Mr. Conway says:
The injustice inflicted upon the freedmen at the hands of the New Orleans police can hardly find its equal in the history of any city in Christendom. It has been the practice here to arrest as vagrants all colored laborers who were found on the streets in their working garments, and not employed just at the moment when the police saw them. These men may have had as honest employment as their persecutors, etc.
He then proceeds to tell us that he never had "more than four thousand persons who could be properly classed as vagrants." We think that in the above quotation injustice has been done to the police of New Orleans. On behalf of that body we take the liberty to state that it has never been their practice to arrest laborers as vagrants. Some exceptional cases may have occurred, but "the practice" has been to arrest only disreputable idlers and loafers, no matter of what color.
As to the number of colored vagrants in the Department, few will be likely to adopt Mr. Conway's low estimate. We some time since published a letter from an ex-officer of the United States Army, now the lessee of a plantation, complaining of negro vagrancy. To this letter Mr. Conway replied. Subsequently we received the ex-officer's rejoinder, from which we take the following:
"It is generally understood that these hosts of negroes whom I pronounce vagrants, are not so considered by Mr. C and his Commissioners, and this is the main evil to be remedied. I claim that the thousands of freedmen who throng our cities and towns-who have no apparent means of livelihood-no employment-are producing nothing, and who subsist in the most precarious and indefinite manner, by pilfering, begging, and the like, are vagrants, and I leave it to the judgement of any one at all acquainted with the localities mentioned in my previous letter, if I have overestimated the number of this class of individuals who infest them. There they are, the fact is patent, and any 'report' on vagrancy cannot decrease their number a particle."
The sooner the negroes understand that "they must go to work and behave themselves," as recommended by Gen. Swayne, of the Alabama Freedmen's Bureau, the better for all concerned. They must be taught that freedom does not mean idleness, and that the "petty crimes and licentiousness" to which thousands of them resort are alike injurious and discreditable.
In closing his final report, Mr. Conway insists that the Bureau should be continued on the ground that the freedmen would be ill-treated if left to our State authorities; that their schools would all be closed; that oppressive vagrant laws would be made and enforced against them, and that utter extermination would ensue. This is a sad view of the case, as far as the colored people are concerned; an uncharitable one as it relates to the white residents of Louisiana. According to Mr. Conway "the conduct of both State and city officials is no pleasing to contemplate," but, notwithstanding this, we venture to predict that the freedmen of the State will improve much more rapidly under the management of our State authorities that under that of the best Freedmen's Bureau that was ever organized. Our people are kindly disposed towards the negro; they understand him, and as he has been freed, they wish to educate him for his new position, not by utopian schemes, but by such acts, legislative and otherwise, as the case demands.

Auction Advertisements will be found on 3d page; Local, Monetary, etc., on 10th.

The President of the Deutsche Company, Mr. S. Marx, will accept our acknowledgements for a ticket of invitation to the ball to be given at Mechanics' Institute on Thursday evening.

THE ST. LOUIS CEMETERIES.-With the approach of All Saints Day, the tombs and monuments of these cemeteries are being adorned and beautified with that delicacy of taste which distinguishes our Creole population. But our object in this connection is to call the attention of the city authorities to the absence of bridges spanning the gutters between the three cemeteries on Claiborne street. The annual crowds of visitors to the cemeteries on the 1st day of November, have heretofore been much inconvenienced by the absence of this small accommodation, and we trust that some provision may be made this coming holiday to remedy this matter. If permanent bridges cannot be provided, temporary once would be a source of much gratification to a large portion of our citizens.

PERSONAL.-Among the passengers by the Guiding Star was our esteemed friend Lafayette Felger, Esq.. a prominent and influential merchant of this city, looking in the enjoyment of the best of health.
Mr. R. B. Clark, well known in past years in this city, who will be particularly and favorably remembered in Merchants' Lodge, I. O. O. F., is now the efficient and gentlemanly clerk of the fine streamer Montgomery.

Lines
ON RECEIVING A PAIR OF EYEGLASSES FROM A FRIEND.

Now, by my BEARD, this is a goodly sight!
Transparent crystals set in frames of gold.
Through them, untaxed, the soft translucent light
Comes to our eyes. A miracle! Behold-
The dim, dull, clouded page grows clear and bold-
Thought's mystic foot-prints gleam forth clear and bright.
As when the jewels in the robe of Night
To the rapt gaze of Sibyl are unrolled.
M.F.D
New Orleans, October, 1865

DIED.
At 11 1/2 A.M., Oct 9th, 1856, MICHAEL HARRIHID, aged 25 years, native of [[??]], County Galway, Ireland.
The funeral will take place at 3 1/2 P.M. from Magazine street, between [[??]] and Melpomene. Friends and acquaintances are respectfully invited to attend.
[[??]] papers please copy.
After a long and painful illness, at 5 1/2 A.M., Oct. 9th, 1865, TIMOTHY CONCORAN, aged 30 years, native of county Limerick, Ireland.
His funeral will take place from his late residence, on Erato, between Howard and [[Freset?]] streets, at 3 o'clock P.M. His friends and acquaintances are respectfully invited to attend.

House Wanted

Wanted, by an old resident, a comfortable dwelling with modern improvements, with or without hall, convenient to the city care, for which a liberal rent will be paid. Address Box 1525 [?], Postoffice.     oct23t[[?]]