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21

of every deep-toned Colour may be accurately judged of. Colours are found to differ in the bright light of the Sun, in which no difference may be perceived in the light of the Painting Room. Their Colour & transparency may also be tested by applying them to the window glass, which [[strikethrough]] easily [[/strikethrough]] may easily be cleaned again.

31 Scumbling.

There are but few Colours that approach perfect transparency, such as the Lakes, with which perfect glazing may be made; but almost every pigment is in some degree transparent when finely levigated and well ground. Naples Yellow, Indian Red and Similar Reds the least so; therefore spreading these Colours pure over any part fully painted, the tone or colour of which it may be desirable to change a little, is called scumbling; the operation of which is in fact to put on a multitude of small coloured particles, through and around which the Colour below is partially seen, and thus altered in its effect on the eye. It is proper to observe that these semi-opake Colours, when used as glazing or Scumbling tints are warmer in their effects than if they are mixed with white; for instance, pure Vermillion glazed over white is more Orange than if mixed with white. 

32 Fineness of Pigments

It is seldom that Pigments prepared by the Colour men, in tubes or bladder, are perfectly well ground, which cannot be when a thick coat of paint lies under the Muller. It is therefore necessary in finishing a fine Picture that the pigments be reground on a glass slab, as finely as possible, which can only be effected by spreading under the Muller, a small quantity over a large surface, & rubbing it well. This fine reduction of the Colour, not only improves it texture, but adds to the beauty of its Colour.

33 Study of Nature.

No recipe for compounding tints, not even the Palette of Titian, of