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62 injudicious position being chosen or the incorrectness of the hasty drawing. The great Painters of the middle ages were educated to the Art as Painters in fresco, which necessarily reuquired that the entire Composition, and all the details shouls be correctly prepared by stuides from the life and real objects, reviously to their being transferred to the wall, on which they were to be rapidly executed & finished al primo; since no Fresco, as then practised, could be retouched even the next day. This practice necessarily gave them confidence & a command of the pencil & brush; and such of them as afterwards applied themselves to oil-painting, continued the practice they had been accustomed to in Fresco. This was certainly the case with Raphael, most strikingly indent from a highly finished Crayon Drawing by Raphael himself of Julius the I: in the Corsini Palace of Florence, from which his Pupils with his assistance executed a great number of Portraits in Oil-all reputed to be Originals. In one or two sittings a good study may be made from the life; is not satisfactory another may be made in a different position; and between these he may deliberately make his choice, transfer and dead colour it, before he receives another sitting from his model. But the most satisfactory study may be made with Oil colours, in two or three sittings, on prepared paper or a small canvas. Such a study, the size of life, executed freely without regard to blending or high finish, but judiciously, yet spiritedly touched, with every appropriate mask of form + character, powerfully contributed to a correct knowledge of colouring + facility of execution. This study cannot be so soon transferred to the Canvas, as the chalk drawing, because it must be dried before a tracing can be made on it; but, after it is transferred, the Picture may not only be more easily dead-coloured from it, but advanced with repeated colourings for a succeeding sitting. In transferring such studies to his canvas, the artist may vary the inclination of the head as he may please, + can be certain to have it high or low, midway or otherwise, on his canvas, as his judgement may dictate. Although it is presumed that the artist from his sketch can draw