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Janet [[strikethrough]] raved [[/strikethrough]] spoke about "The Golden Spike" and telecommunications infancy Transcontinental infrastructure allows circuses to expand like never before. Rodney: "You don't have to go to the circus to see it." Popular musicians incorporated circus arts also schools - circus arts extracurricular Burning man Dominique: Diffusion of circus arts does not equal circus Janet: "Ring defines the circus." Audience Historically, people of color marginalized in the big top so, sideshows for them. Ragtime, jazz. To Rodney, Circus Ring is a "sacred space" to be respected - axis mundi. Animal welfare + the changing climate. Dominique: Circus is heir to pagan celebration; celebration of survival Dominique believes that remaining trained animals from circus acts separates people from wild animals. Janet spoke about the history of the philosophical conflict RE: captivity of animals. Jack London Club ASPCA The group spoke about the effect of the Internet on the participation + attendance of circuses -advertising -app -distraction/attention span/competing spectacle -memes