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(5) Difference between European & American clowns
[[strikethrough]] 2 [[strikethrough]]
[[strikethrough]] 3 [[strikethrough]]

American clowns are primarily silent/mimes Europeans have "talking" clown acts with interaction between multiple performers. European clowns wear little make-up
(6) Discussion of Italian clowns - brought white face to the theater. Red mouth comes from an old skit - boy sneaks into jam jar, closes it up & puts it back on the shelf. The boy's red lips give him away
(7) Clowns are the ***; they are not the filler.
American Clowns
(1) RB Ringley had a circus in Europe & Mr. Fellscrat went to Europe & brought back essentially a 2nd unit of Ringling BROS.
2. [[strikethrough]] started[[/strikethrough] European circuses had l or 2 clowns; however, more space in American circus created a need for more clowns-
(3) Thus - A clown college was CREATED
(4) Circus clowns - multiple skills - juggling, horse-riding, dancing in costume, some trapeze work
(5) Discussion of a "still" clown- Otto Grembling-famous German "still" clown.
"Stillness" in the midst of the bustle gets the audience's attention - Grembly Knitted-yes Knitted OR juggled 4p
(6) "No spaghetti" means no extra movement
(7)-Due to large size of circus-American clowns wear bold makeup

Demise of Ringling Brothers 
(1)The small circuses that were overshadowed by this
giant (Ringling) are making plans to
blossom & grow
(2) Hundreds of ex Ringling Brothers employees are now employed in Vegas-clowns are considered more employable than aerialists or tiger trainers

Clown Face 
(1) Focus on developing an obvious personality-make-up may or may not be a critical part of your
established character
(2) European clowns continue to wear little make-up
(3) Do not copy another clown's face-code of honor

Idols? Mentors
- Marcelle Marceaux, De Mille, Buster Keaton
these people didn't do anything spectacularly unique-
it was the way they captivated the audience w/ simple movement