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Research suggesting horsehair bows from Mongolian culture, then traveled to different places. Mongolian version had four strings, was originally low pitched but became higher through Han assimilation.

Horsehead cared on top of Mongolian instrument, symbol of the people. Instrument believed to date back 10,000 years. Originally smaller, made from nice butrow wood.

Legend about Mongolian instrument. Boy has horse taken away, horse runs away to look for the boy but dies before finding him. Boy uses horses body to create first instrument.
Bow still made out of horse hair, specifically horse tail. Erhu bow also made of horsehair.

Charlotte plays emu more than viola. Bow a ubiquitous object.
Comparison erhu/viola: people say erhu sounds sad, viola deeper, more romantic sound
Comparing two Chinese instruments: women not approved to use horsehair fiddle, more
designed for men, finger spacing different, needs a lot of power

If Haiyinmenghe plays any other types of music- also plays guitar
Animal hide instruments sensitive to light on stage, affects tuning. Wood easier to play.
Repertoire from traditional sources, trying to make it more contemporary

Charlotte playing piece called "Horse Race," secondary section where strings are plucked by hand

Haiyanmenghe demonstrates horsehead fiddle, piece about horse feet
Question about how instruments are learned, from parents or from school: can now study Mongolian music in school, professional arts schools exist, sometimes
what is learned in schools contradicts old masters, trying to go back to old traditions
Charlotte studied in Beijing opera production, can play smaller version of horsehair
fiddle, bamboo flute