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Annual Register

it in his garden; where he used to look upon it with a tranquil but thoughtful eye, and pointed it out to the inspection of his friends. He has even given a description of it in the 7th Vol. of his Antiquities, which has appeared since his death.
The character of Count Caylus is to be traced in the different occupations which divided his cares and his life. In society, he had all the frankness of a soldier, and a politeness which had nothing in it of deceit or circumvention. Born independent, he applied to studies which suited his taste. His heart was yet better than his abilities. The former made him beloved; the latter intitled [[entitled]] him to respect. It happened, on day, that he saw on the border of a ditch a countryman asleep, and a boy, about eleven years of age, regarding the lineaments of his face, and his picturesque dress, with a fixed attention. The count, approaching with affability, asked him about what he was thinking. 'Sir, said the child, if I knew how to design, I would trace out the figure of this man.' 'Do so then, said the admirer of artists, here are tablets, and a crayon.' Emboldened by this encouragement, the child attempted to take a representation of the figure before him, and he had scarcely finished the head when the count embraced him, and informed himself of the pace of his abode, that he might raise him to a better condition. 
In his walks, he used frequently to try the honesty of the poor, by sending them with a piece of money to get change for him. In these cases, he concealed himself to enjoy their confusion at not finding him; and then, presenting himself, used to commend their honesty, and give them double the sum. He said frequently to his friends, 'I have this day lost a crown; but I was sorry that I had not an opportunity to give a second. The beggar ought not to want integrity.'
The candour of this great man, and the simplicity of his character, added to his merits, and to the regrets which his loss occasioned.

Some Accounts of Nicholas Machiavel; Translated from Mr. Barretti's new edition of his Works.

Nicolas Machiavel was born at Florence on the third day of May, 1469. His father's name was Bernardo; his mother's Bartolommea. They were both descended from illustrious families, which had always borne the most honourable offices under the republic from its first foundation to the time of which we are writing: though it is said to be now almost two ages since the family of Machiavel became extinct, there is one of his descendants still living at Florence, whose name is Giambattista, and whose works prove him to be a learned man.
Though it is known that Bernardo Machiavel, the father of our author, studied jurisprudence; and that his mother Bartolommea dedicated her time to the muses; yet it is impossible, at this remote time, to discover what education they bestowed upon their son: but we may conclude, from the great number of writings which he left behind him, that he was bred to a very

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a very hardy temperament of the body, to which he joined the most intense application in his studies. It appears by his writings that he was averse from indolence, was very active, studious, and had a heart inclining rather to boldness than to gentleness. Authors pretend to assure us, that being once suspected of hatching a conspiracy against the family of Medici, he was adjudged by the senate to undergo a very grievous punishment which was common in these times, and that he suffered it without betraying one impression of pain or fear, with his countenance as serene and unruffled as usual: which, if true, was no bad proof of that firm and undaunted spirit which is visible in every page of his works. 
It has been common, for the two last ages, to consider Machiavel as a great historian and politician; and some have regarded him as a complete master in the art of war. Nevertheless, neither his history of Florence, nor his discourse upon Titus Livius, nor his prince, nor his letter to Pope Leo, displays so truly the real bent of his genius as his treatise on the military art. I have read several books which treat this art in detail, particularly French, and it is strange that I have never seen any mention of Machiavel made in them, although it is certain that the most important and material rules contained in these books were borrowed from his treatise on the art of war. It is true, his ideas might have been extended or refined by succeeding writers, in proportion to the progress of the improvement of the art; but all of them, in some degree or other, have reared their fabrics upon the foundation which was laid by him, and have only improved the materials which he extracted from the ignorance of a barbarous age. Nor would it be difficult to prove, that the custom, now so universal, of resting the whole strength of war upon the infantry rather than the cavalry, was derived from him. This improvement holds the first place in the art of war; and that it should have originated from Machiavel is astonishing, when we consider two things; first, that he never was a soldier; and secondly, that in his time the infantry of an army was held in great contempt. Never to have borne arms, and yet to have published an open declaration against an established custom, and to be successful too against prejudice and opinion, was a triumph worthy of genius of Machiavel; and proves that he was not conspicuous as a historian and politician only, but that he was eminently so in the art of war also.
To these three distinguished titles we may add that of statesman; that is, a practical politician, in opposition to the theory of the study. How lucky was it for the world, that there were found (in I know not what library) and published, those letters which we wrote during his different embassies at foreign courts, and those which he dictated in quality of secretary to the republic! By the first we discover how great were his diligence, his penetration, his acuteness, his address, his art in fathoming the human foul. We must dive deeply into these letters, to discover the extraordinary talents with which nature had endued him, and what good use he made of them; how he managed and restrained the cruel disposition. 

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