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REFERENCE AND RESEARCH       KAISER

organizations and their civil rights protest; Negro businesses, newspapers, literature and folklore. After literature and folklore there is no emphasis upon the Negro's many contributions to America as explorers and cowboys, as slave artisans, scientists and inventors, in music, theatre, the dance and in sports. This bibliography is far from the comprehensive survey it is supposed to be. The compiler was not qualified to do such a job. A definitive bibliography on the Negro can be done by a group of Negroes and whites working and writing in the field who have kept up with all of the various published materials over the last 25 years and who know the field of Negro studies thoroughly.

Speaking of a definitive bibliography, the late Monroe N. Work's A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and America, first published in 1928 and now reprinted, is definitive up to 1928. The Miller volume has over 3,500 entries (mostly between 1954 and 1965), but Work's volume in 1928 had over 17,000 entries, almost five times as many titles as Miss Miller's. And how did Monroe Work do a definitive job like this? This is how he did it. He founded the Department of Records and Research at Tuskegee Institute (Ala.) in 1908. He directed this department for 30 years (1908-38). From this department he published nine editions of the Negro Year Book and his magnum opus, the bibliography. A definitive work cannot be a two-year job with no background in the material like the Miller volume; it must be a life work and the compiler must be steeped in Negro studies. From 1938 to 1943, Monroe Work labored continuously on another bibliography on the world-wide contact of races and cultures titled A Bibliography of European Colonization, and the Resulting Contacts of Peoples, Races, Nations and Cultures. He died in 1945. The reprinting of Work's great bibliography of books, pamphlets, public documents and periodical material in English and foreign languages, covering every conceivable subject and sub-heading but long out of print, is a real contribution to Negro studies.

Earl Spangler's Bibliography of Negro History: Selected and Annotated Entries: General and Minnesota, published in 1963, was the first hard-back bibliography on the Negro published after Race and Region in 1949 although the New York Public Library, the National Urban League and others had published smaller, pamphlet-size bibliographies during this period. Spangler's book is a selected, annotated listing of books, pamphlets, periodicals, Negro newspapers, public documents, unpublished materials and clipping files relating to the Negro generally in the United States, but more than half of the book

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