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FREEDOMWAYS                            FIRST QUARTER 1972
television, technicians, students, Christian missionaries and money. And what is even more disheartening is that recently, certain very prominent Afro-American entertainers and sports personalities have also lent themselves to the enemies of Africa. I shall discuss this in greater detail on another occasion. Presently, however, I would like to draw a brief sketch of America's non-military apparatus in Sub-Saharan Africa.
   Working through American Embassies, colleges, universities, churches, private foundations, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the United States Information Service (USIS), the American government has developed an extensive network of communications propaganda in Africa. With regards to communications media, radio is by far the most widely used. It is also the most effective instrument of American propaganda, since radios are fairly accessible to the large numbers and tend to transcend literacy barriers. From its many broadcast outlets in Africa, the most powerful of which are located in Ethiopia and Liberia, "The Voice of America" beams out fake panel discussions, subtly distorted news broadcasts and Christian Fundamentalist theology in the traditional language of every major tribe in Africa as well as in English. In addition to V.O.A. propaganda, the United States Information Service also exercises considerable influence upon the programming of locally operated radio stations through the purchase of broadcast time, and the sponsorship of locally produced programs whose intellectual content is either sympathetic or indifferent to American goals and objectives in Africa. Thus, at the end of a daily broadcast of the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, it is not unusual for the Ghanaian listener to be chastised in the pious drawl of a Southern Baptist minister who continually beams such admonishing queries into African livingrooms as, "In your day to day effort to realize a profit, have you left God out of your life?" (God and the profit system, get it?) As far as broadcasting is concerned, however, Afro-American music is one of the most effective weapons in the arsenal of imperialist propaganda. It can always be depended upon to attract the attention of Africa's younger generation. It is played by Voice of America, British Broadcasting Corporation as well as by the French, German, and local African stations. The most popular Afro-American artists are probably James Brown, Otis Redding, Sly & The Family Stone, Wilson Pickett and Aretha Franklin. Programs featuring Afro-American music are usually interspersed with subtly disguised right wing commentary and newscasts which state the bare facts of some of the more noteworthy developments in the U.S., almost
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