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economical, because it saves the great amount of expensive colors otherwise swallowed up in mixtures with white. It ought to be also just as durable, or more so if the white underpainting is left to fully dry before color is put on.--
8) The above theory of painting requires great skill in the handling, proportioning, drawing, toning and hueing of color. The [[underlined]] Ala Prima [[/underlined]] method is absolutely required. If the final color does not at once sit on the pure white ground, all intention and purpose is lost. Hence [[underlined]] correction [[/underlined]] can be made only by scraping a wrong color off. But a pure eye, great skill and virtuosity are the gifts or accomplishments of sincere hard workers or talent (Japanese) (Hals, Velasquez).
9). This method of direct skilful painting is greatly assisted, material and time and energy and temper saved, if always a fully ripened well considered sketch or water color is prepared as a guide for the painting.
10) Thin oil or tempera underpainting likewise.

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