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[[underlined]] Chapter IX. [[/underlined]]  194.

the women follow, carrying hung round the neck small bags of [[underlined]] padi [[/underlined]] seed, which they throw into the holes, three or four seeds to each hole." 

  That in the construction of the Lei Ku T'ai the heat-reddened earth and the charcoal and ash that we found in it had been taken from just such burnt-over areas seems to me most likely. The consistency of the earth (none of it baked really hard) suggests the application of a relatively low degree of heat, or perhaps the brief duration of the fire; while the (uncarbonized) remains of vegetation growing in and all through it [[strikethrough]] (page 167) [[/strikethrough]] point to the subsequent abandonment of the field, such as actually occurs under the [[underlined]] jhūm [[/underlined]] method of cultivation. The presence of the celts (used in girdling or cutting down the trees and brush prior to burning?) and of the stone "points" (dibbles employed in planting the crop?) would also thus be explained.
  The frequent occurrence in China of stone implements on or just beneath the surface of the soil indicates beyond much doubt the late survival there (at least among the peasantry and the artisan class) of various Neolithic traits of culture. The use of [[underlined]] shih [[/underlined]] 石, "stone", as the determinative or "radical" in various characters connoting such ideas as those of cutting, breaking, rending, splitting, piercing, and others involved in certain mechanical processes, affords corroborative evidence of the same state of affairs. [[superscript]] (180) [[/superscript]]
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[[superscript]] (180) [[/superscript]]  Examples of this use of [[underlined]] shih [[/underlined]] are: [[underlined]] k'an [[/underlined]] 砍, meaning to cut, chop, or fell; [[underlined]] ho [[/underlined]] 砉, a ripping sound like that produced in flaying animals; [[underlined]] p'o [[/underlined]] 破, to break in pieces; [[underlined]] t'ung [[/underlined]] 硐, to rub or smooth down; and [[underlined]] nu [[/underlined]] 砮, a stone arrowhead. 
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     Whether the slate of the arrowheads, or that in the tablet that we found in Tomb I, was of local origin, or whether it had been brought from elsewhere, we could not determine; for we  were unable to learn whether any deposits of that material occurred in the vicinity of Yu Ho Chên. 

                                         
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Transcription Notes:
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