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[[underlined]] APPENDIX [[overwritten]] A [[/overwritten]] II. [[/underlined]]  10.

title of king ([[underlined]] wang [[/underlined]] 王 )---the one borne by their nominal suzerains the Chous themselves. [[superscript]] (26) [[/superscript]]

The heads of the Ch'u state, whatever their titles, belonged to the Mi 羋 clan, branches of which settled in parts of northern China also, apparently at or soon after the completion of the Chou conquest. [[superscript]] (27) [[/superscript]]  The earlier Ch'u rulers usually, though not always, bore as a component of their personal names the word [[underlined]] hsiung [[/underlined]] (bear---the animal), of uncertain import in this connection but suggesting a totemic origin. [[superscript]] (28) [[/superscript]]  Succession, we are told, was by "borough English"---that is, to one of the younger sons of the preceding ruler. [[superscript]] (29) [[superscript]]
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(26)
The Confucian "Classics" first accord the title of king to the rulers of Ch'u in 684 B.C., though they continue referring (in all likelihood contemptuously) to the state itself as Ching, "the Jungle", until 659 B.C.
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(27)
The word [[underlined]] mi [[/underlined]] means "the bleating of a sheep", and as a clan name rather hints of a former pastoral life.  It appears on the Shang oracle bones as the name of some group hostile to the Shangs, but without any indication as to its location.
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(28)
The late Dr. Laufer touched on the former existence of totemism in southeastern Asia in an article, "Totemic Traces among the Indo-Chinese", in the [[underlined]] Jnl Amer. Folk-Lore,[[/underlined]] vol. XXX (1917), pp. 415-426. The subject merits, however, far more investigation than it has received.
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(29)
See the [[underlined]] Tso chuan [[/underlined]], VI, i, 10, and X, xiii, 3; also the [[underlined]] Shih chi [[/underlined]], chapt. XL, fol. 6-a.  The rulers of Ch'u seem to have had a legend of descent from the [[underlined]] youngest [[/underlined]] of six miraculously born brothers; see the [[underlined]] Shih chi [[/underlined]], chapt. XL, fols. 1-a [[underlined]] sq. [[/underlined]].  Similar legends occur among the T'ai peoples and also among the Polynesians.
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  The new state is usually said to have been called Ching at first; but actually the latter appellation would seem to have been a far more comprehensive one---not a political but a geographical name, embracing the whole wide region along both banks of the middle Yangtze and including much of what are now the two provinces of Hupei and Hunan. [[superscript]] (30) [[/superscript]]  I find no instance in the early records of the limitation of the name "Ching" to the