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78 gravelly clay in horizontal strata and from 10 to 40 ft thickness exposed to viewing cliffs-Above this is a bed of gravel in some places conglomerated by Oxide of Iron This also pervades the clay in seams-In some places 40ft. below the surface of the clay are strata of wood compressed into thin compact layers but not petrified -I have seen no traces of shells At "Stony Point" a dike of Basaltic rock is exposed, lying underneath the clay which appears to have been deposited above it- I obtained no birds until today but have several species of shells- March 25th Still at Capt R. The weather since last date has been clear + pleasant till yesterday when it became cloudy and today were some slight showers Have shot some specimens as per Cat the Redtail hawk is becoming common I have not before seen the Dusk hawk the Gull is abundant at this season Vegetation is growing rapidly though but few flowers are yet in bloom Ducks etc seem to be leaving for the north- [[end page]] [[start page]] Willappa River 79 March 20th This morning we started in a sailboat & went 12 miles up this river arriving about 5 P.M. The tide flows up to this place which is the best terminus to navigation as the River branches here and is not always passable above The banks are low & marshy almost all the way up towards the upper part becoming thickly covered with timber The hills slope into the water in some places & are also thickly timbered with evergreens & alders After the first few miles maple & cotton wood appear with various mountain plants Saw wild geese & ducks in abundance & a few seals which go as far as the tide- Mch 27th Remained last night at Mr W----s This morning walked for 6 miles up the valley where Prairie begins to appear similar to those seen last summer in the mountains but more fertile and on the higher grounds covered with fern- At 2 P.M. descended with the Ebb tide & reached A's about 9 1/2 The valley of the River above Ws is about 9 miles wide and nearly all tillable. Weather cloudy wind S.W. showers at intervals both rain & hail-
