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16
[[underline]] Northwest Gulfs [[\underline]]

A few words respecting the peculiar Fauna of the great NW system of Sounds and channels which commences in this region, will be best inserted here.
(The lands surrounding it are similar as in appearance, geological formation and vegetation to the rest of the valleys forming the 2nd Region.  The great differences depend then on the peculiarities of the water itself.)
[[left margin]] Tides etc. [[\left margin]]  Almost as salt as the ocean itself, it is renewed twice daily by a great ebb and flow of the tide, which rises from 8 to 15 feet at all seasons.
[[left margin]] Rivers [[\left margin]] The small rivers flowing into it can scarcely affect at all so immense a body of water as is contained in this Gulf, its depth varying from 20 to 60 fathoms throughout.  
[[left margin]] Depth [[\left margin]] The streams being merely mountain torrents depending on the rains & snows of the Cascade Range for their supplies, and having short distances to [[?run]] bring down comparatively little organic deposits to serve as food for animals.  But the water of the Sound preserving a nearly uniform temperature of the [[?ocean]] and from its depth & situation being little affected by storms is a great nursery of massive animals.
[[left margin]] Animals [[\left margin]]  (Here give numbers of fish known crustacea Radiata &c)

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17
[[underline]] Olympia Peninsula [[\underline]]

The large Peninsula lying on the west side of Hoods Canal is as yet at most unknown.  It appears entirely comprised of irregular mountain ridges, most elevated towards its northern end, and densely covered by timber on all parts below perpetual snow.  That it is almost uninhabitable is probable from there being no Indians in its interior.  As far as penetrated nothing but a succession of mountains is found.  It is not probable that any peculiar forest trees are found in it.  A species of Pine said to be the White Pine occurs on Hoods Canal & probably is common on the high ridges, as it is on those of the Cascade Mts.  A Juniper has also been seen at the Cape in small numbers.
This range south of the Chehalis assumes the name of the Coast Range & becomes very irregularly broken though having an average height of at least 2000 ft as far as the Columbia River.  It forms a natural limit to several species of trees though not in so marked a degree as the Cascade Mts.

[[left margin]] P.10.B. and C. [[\left margin]]