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20
[[underline]] Eastern Slope of [[\underline]]

[[left margin]] (vide p.21 [[\left margin]]  As I observed in crossing the coast Range, a very few miles distance causes a wonderful change in the character of the country.)
[[left margin]] A. [[\left margin]] [[left margin]] Alpine subregion [[\left margin]] In this Range we have then a narrow strip of Alpine appearance, but in lat. 46° scarcely wide enough to form a district region at 6000 ft.
Crossing then the dividing ridge we begin to find a new species of Pine prevalent and it soon becomes almost the only species of the forests on the Eastern Slope.
[[left margin]] Pinus ponderosa [[\left margin]]  This is the "Yellow Pine" of Americans though quite a different species from that of the same name on the Eastern Coast.  It is a fine tree growing about 100 ft. high with a straight clear trunk branching about 40 ft from the ground.  Its bark is reddish in hue & ridged much like the Chestnut's.  
[[left margin]] Ceanothus velutinus [[\left margin]]Very little underbrush occurs in these forests, the principal shrub being a beautiful species of Ceanothus.  The soil is sandy or gravelly everywhere, and at this season was much drier than west of the mountains, there having been no rain since about the first of May.
The few plants still flowering are nearly all different from any before seen.

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21
[[underline]] Cascade Range [[\underline]]

[[left margin]] Review [[\left margin]]  (Before entering the great Basin of the Columbia formed between the Cascade and Rocky Mountain Ranges let us review the various marked Natural Regions we have traversed.  We have found in progressing from the Coast eastward that the general character of the whole country is one of forests.  
[[left margin]] Forests [[\left margin]] [[left margin]] Coast [[\left margin]] It may therefore be conveniently distinguished as the Great Forest Region of the Columbia, and be divided into the Coast Line, & Coast Region, extending to the summit of the Coast Range and the head of tide water along the river.
[[left margin]] Valley [[\left margin]] [[left margin]] Prairies [[\left margin]] Next east of this we meet with a succession of valleys which I therefore call the Valley Region, and this includes the subregions of River banks and Prairies.  
[[left margin]] Alpine [[\left margin]]The vegetable character of the Valley Region extends nearly to the summits of the Cascade Range, where we meet with an approach to an Alpine vegetation.  Hence eastward we shall find an entire & complete change in the country & its products.  In traversing the various regions described we have formed a remarkably defined and natural limit to each - and as far as known these limits are also very distinct towards the north and south.  Occasionally sporadic groups of trees occur out of their natural Region, but these are so rare & scattered as to serve rather as proofs of the rule than as exceptions.)

(This to precede Page 20)