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32
[[underline]] Walla Walla to [[\underline]]

At the mouth of the Wallawalla R. the Columbia, with the immense addition of Snake River which probably supplies as much water as itself, again enters a deep Canon which continues for 160 miles of its course downward.  
[[left margin]] [[?drawing of hand with index finger pointing east]] [[\left margin]]  Our journey of four days along its banks to the Dalles, presented less interest & variety than my previous part, the weather being cold & both animals & vegetables scarcely ever seen.  
[[left margin]] Plants [[\left margin]]  I observed here however the Celtis reticulata with the ripe sweet berries of a yellow color - the elegant Cleome aurea & [[?Linvsyris]] graveoleus - with a few other plants still showing a lingering flower.  On the summit of the precipice near [[?MahLah]] R.  I noticed some large evergreens which I was told were Junipers.  
[[left margin]] Animals [[\left margin]]  The gray wolf & Coyote, with a few large hares were all the quadrupeds seen by the party, and birds were scarce.  Scattered spots only of very small extent are tillable long this part of the Columbia, & the grazing is poor.  
[[left margin]] Deserts [[\left margin]]  Many parts, for miles presented nothing but sandy or stony deserts - on which the scanty vegetation gave nothing eatable by cattle.  The willows along the edge of the water were the only trees, & they so stunted as to be of scarcely any use.

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33
[[underline]] Fort Vancouver [[\underline]]

[[left margin]] Oaks & Pines [[\left margin]]  At the Des Chutes River the mountain vegetation begins to reappear - the oaks being the first trees met with & in larger quantities than north of the Columbia.  About Fort Dalles the Pines become suddenly abundant, with as marked a limit as along the northern parts of the Range - Poplars & other trees also appear along the river banks.
Our journey down the river being performed in a steamboat in the midst of fog & rain did not allow of making the observations I wished on the distribution of trees in this mountain gap of 45 miles long.  
[[left margin]] Flowers [[\left margin]]  I observed on reaching the Cascades that vegetation appeared much less affected by frost than at the Dalles & many spring flowers were already blooming.  
[[left margin]] Climate [[\left margin]]  The mild rainy climate so strongly contrasted with the cold dry weather that still prevailed east of the Cascade Range, strikes the traveller at this season as the Great Cause of the wonderful differences of vegetation.
It is almost as great a change as could be felt on being magically transported from the bleak bare shores of Labrador to the blooming luxuriant forests of Florida, & one can scarcely imagine that it is all within a distance of fifty miles.
[[left margin]] (To P 11 &c) [[\left margin]]  (Here compared the climate of the two sides by the observations at various parts.)