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[[underline]] Coniferae of W. Terr [[\underline]]

[[left margin]] Abies "Red Fir" [[\left margin]]  Douglassii 250-300 ft. stem often bare for 'its height', bark rough & pale grey - in general appearance like bark of Castanea.  Wood middling - best of the firs for timber and for firewood.  2nd Region  Flowers in Mch.  male yellow fe. Red purp.

[[left margin]] Abies "Spruce" [[\left margin]]  Menziesii 100-200 ft. branching from the ground up, bark smooth & scaly dark brown resembling somewhat that of [[underline]] Ceresus [[?serot]][[\underline]]  Wood coarse & shrinks much.  Roots very tough & elastic - used in basket making.  Flowers in Apr.  Male yellow  Fem. rich purple.  1st region.  River banks & mountains.

[[left margin]] Abies "White Fir or Spruce" [[\left margin]]   balsamea?  200-250 ft. stem very straight  branching regularly in circles  white in in old trunks becoming grayish & like Liriodenron.  Leaves dark shining & uncinate.  Used chiefly for rafters sails &c wood soft.  Flowers in Apr.  Male yellow - Fem.  All regions in sparing & shady woods.

[[left margin]] Abies "Hemlock" [[\left margin]]  Canadensis 100-200 ft. closely resembles A. Canadensis - less straight & uniform than the preceding - branches irregular lax - Bark much like that of the Apple tree - gray or brownish - nearly smooth & scaling - Flowers in Mch.  Male red.  Fem.   Wood coarse of little value - Grows in 123 regions along streams & damp grounds.

[[left margin]] Abies Yellow Fir [[\left margin]]  200-300 ft. high 6 ft. through bark gray, ridged like [[?Lerivd.]] - branches irregular, but short, top very narrow & long cylindrical, dense, dark green - Wood smooth splits, well & elastic.  Rivers

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- additional notes -

[[two horizontal lines linking to previous page & comments on Red Fir]] General form of [[?top]] conical branches drooping below horizontal at center & converging towards top - leaves surrounding the twigs but not thickly about 1 in  long - Coned 3-4 in by 2 in. rounded conical scales thin smooth [[?soinksicated]] [[underline]] with trifid bracts [[\underline]].  

[[two horizontal lines linking to previous page & comments on Spruce]]  Form of tree broadly conical branches horizontal as drooping, leaves densely set on two [[?slides]] in 3-4 rones stiff & glaucous below - about 3/4 in long.  Cones of numerous thin pointed oval scales cylindroconic - 3-4 in long - persistent.  Twigs marked by old leaves.  Roots as usual spreading on surface.

[[two horizontal lines linking to previous page & comments on White Fir]]  Form of tree long cylindroconic - branches scattered & few - growing all the way up.  Leaves in 1 series stiff & about 1-1 1/4 in long.  Cones deciduous, by the scales dropping off the long sharp axis which remains permanent.  Scales broad rounded & closely appressed.  Cone oval obtuse, smooth - in clusters of 2-3

[[two horizontal lines linking to previous page & comments on Hemlock]]  Tree conical, branches long & drooping very gracefully, leaves in 1 series 1/2 in long scattered.  Cones 3/4 - 1 in long ovate, of four oval sectors - growing on small twigs, persistent