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the weathered concretions of the underlying sandstones. The beds of the brooks are full of the gravel and pebbles which were first derived from the schists but which have been utilized more or less in the subsequent strata and may have been washed out from any of them. 
The talus at the spurs of the hills is often almost wholly composed of this gravel the finer material having been carried away. The flat part of the valley to the south is largely composed of brown earth belonging to the uppermost bed described mixed with vegetable loam. Further north there is in the valley and in many of the foothills a very deep layer of the socalled "black adobe" a black clayey